Once-weekly administration of this antibiotic has prophylactic activity against bacteremia due to M avium complex in AIDS patients.
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Question 2 of 166
A 39-year-old man with HIV disease and active tuberculosis is hospitalized for therapy. He currently takes a protease inhibitor. He complains of cough, dyspnea, and chest pressure. Which of the following is the best treatment adjunct for this patient?
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Question 3 of 166
The following is (are) true concerning In-vitro fertilization:
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Question 4 of 166
A 28-year-old man who suffered a crush injury to his lumbar spine (L4 and L5) with disc herniation is managed with meperidine for pain control. He has been taking this medication for 6 months. In addition to pain relief, which of the following other effects is possible?
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Question 5 of 166
A 49-year-old man with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is treated with topical 5-fluorouracil. He presents to his oncologist for follow-up. In addition to monitoring renal and hepatic function for toxicity, one could theoretically measure levels of which of the following excreted products?
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Question 6 of 166
A 5-year-old male patient's parents complain of recurring fever in their son over the course of a month. Past medical history is significant for easy bruisability. A CBC reveals a white blood cell count of 30,000 cells per microliter. A bone marrow biopsy confirms the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This child is started on a chemotherapeutic regimen. Which of the following chemotherapy drugs acts by causing cross-links to form in DNA?
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Question 7 of 166
The drug effective against acute attack of malaria is:
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Question 8 of 166
The main reason for the limited use of chloramphenicol is high incidence of:
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Question 9 of 166
The rationale for combination chemotherapy includes all of the following except
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Question 10 of 166
A 27-year-old man presents to the urgent care clinic with multiple painful ulcers on the shaft of his penis. Some strains of the causative virus are resistant because of a mutated thymidine kinase enzyme. Which of the following antivirals may be less effective in treating this man's infection if his strain of virus has a mutated thymidine kinase?
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Question 11 of 166
In the treatment of acute inorganic arsenic poisoning, the most likely drug to be used is
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Question 12 of 166
Addition of pyrazinamide and ethambutol for the first two months to the isoniazid + rifampin therapy of tuberculosis serves the following purpose(s)
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Question 13 of 166
About actions of serotonin, the following one is not correct:
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Question 14 of 166
The virus directed reverse transcriptase enzyme is inhibited by
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Question 15 of 166
A patient develops antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (AAPMC) in response to drug therapy. Which of the following was the most likely cause of this severe problem?
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Question 16 of 166
The following are used in treatment of pseudomemberaneous Colitis EXCEPT:
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Question 17 of 166
An advantage of amoxicillin over ampicillin is that it
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Question 18 of 166
The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is effective against which one of the following opportunistic infections in the AIDS patient?
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Question 19 of 166
The mechanism of action of quinolones antimicrobials is:
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Question 20 of 166
The following precautions about tetracycline use are true EXCEPT:
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Question 21 of 166
Prophylactic tamoxifen in woman at high risk of breast cancer results in:
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Question 22 of 166
N-acetylcysteine is classified as a (an)
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Question 23 of 166
The antiviral actions of this drug include inhibition of both RNA and DNA synthesis. The drug is used for the treatment of severe respiratory syncytial virus infections in neonates.
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Question 24 of 166
A needlestick injury is sustained by a health care worker, and the blood is known to contain HBV surface antigens. The health care worker should be given
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Question 25 of 166
While colchicines has been used in acute gout, the drug often causes severe gastrointestinal distress. Consequently, many authorities now consider that the drug of choice for acute gout is
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Question 26 of 166
A 24-year-old sexually active woman presents with vaginal itching and a greenish, frothy vaginal discharge. Her boyfriend is asymptomatic. She is prescribed with metronidazole for Trichomonas infection. Which of the following is involved in metronidazole’s action?
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Question 27 of 166
Supplementary folinic acid may prevent anemia in folate-deficient persons who use this drug; it is a weak base, and achieves tissue levels similar to those in plasma
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Question 28 of 166
Which of the following is the best drug for biliary infection?
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Question 29 of 166
The following is NOT true concerning bisphosphonates:
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Question 30 of 166
Which of the following antiviral agents is useful in prevention of influenza infection and in treatment of Parkinson's disease?
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Question 31 of 166
Antiviral drugs include which of the following:
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Question 32 of 166
Cisapride should not be used in combination with either fluconazole or indinavir because of increased potential for
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Question 33 of 166
A 35-year-old woman with a history of world travel is found to have a hookworm infection. She has begun on therapy with mebendazole therapy orally and now returns home for follow-up. Which of the following statements regarding the pharmacodynamics of this agent is correct?
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Question 34 of 166
Tom would like to try Echinacea to prevent colds and flus during the winter months. Which of the following statements is true about Echinacea?
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Question 35 of 166
Which one of the following drugs is most appropriate for oral use in vaginal candidiasis?
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Question 36 of 166
Which of the following agents used in drug combination regimens to treat testicular carcinoma is mot likely to cause nephrotoxicity?
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Question 37 of 166
The following is NOT a characteristic feature of rivaroxiban compared to warfarin:
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Question 38 of 166
A 16-year-old boy presents to the ambulatory care clinic with a persistent dry cough. He had cleaned out a barn attic that was full of bats about 2 weeks ago and has had the cough for 5 days. The physician suspects histoplasmosis. Which would be the best treatment for this patient?
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Question 39 of 166
The most appropriate drug for reversing myasthenic crisis in a patient who is experiencing diplopia, dysarthria, and difficulty swallowing is
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Question 40 of 166
A 42-year-old man with a history of recurrent mycoplasma pulmonary infections presents with similar complaints. Sputum culture reveals that the organism present demonstrates resistance to erythromycin and the macrolide antibiotic class. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
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Question 41 of 166
A 21-year-old man presents to the ambulatory care clinic with an erythematous, swollen, painful left elbow. History is significant for untreated impetigo on his left forearm. A joint aspirate reveals gram-positive cocci in clusters. The physician begins empiric treatment with vancomycin while the organism is cultured. It is found to be methicillin susceptible. Methicillin is not widely used, but which of the following is an equivalent drug that could be used to treat this man's infection?
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Question 42 of 166
A child has been brought with intestinal obstruction due to clumping of round worms. Which of the following anthelmintics administered by intragastic tube can relax the ascarids and relieve the obstruction
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Question 43 of 166
The newer lipid formulations of amphotericin B differ from the conventional formulation in the following respects except
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Question 44 of 166
Which of the following drugs may be used in treatment of influenza:
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Question 45 of 166
This drug is the antimalarial agent most commonly associated with causing an acute hemolytic reaction in patients with glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
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Question 46 of 166
The following helminthic disease can be treated by albendazole but not by mebendazole
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Question 47 of 166
All of the following chemotherapy agents can be administered intrathecally except
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Question 48 of 166
The CORRECT statement regarding 1st generation cephalosporins :
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Question 49 of 166
A 68-year-old man with recurrence of prostate cancer after prostatectomy has been receiving chemotherapy treatments. His last prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 1.4. The chemotherapy has caused a decrease in production from his bone marrow. His hemoglobin is 9.6 g/dL, hematocrit is 28.1%, and platelet count is 44,000/μL. What medication can be given to stimulate bone marrow production of platelets?
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Question 50 of 166
Concerning 1st generation antihistaminics, the following statement is incorrect:
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Question 51 of 166
Which cell involved in immune function recognizes foreign peptides bound of MHC class II molecules on the surface of APC cells, secretes interleukin-2, and initiates the cell-mediated immunity reaction responsible for host-versus-graft reactions?
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Question 52 of 166
A female patient is diagnosed with TB. A careful medical history should be taken because one of the drugs commonly used in TB therapy may lead to serious decrease in plasma level of concomitantly used drugs. Which drug is it?
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Question 53 of 166
Which of the following drugs is considered an antifungal agent?
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Question 54 of 166
A 58-year-old woman with end-stage cervical cancer has undergone surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. She has chronic pelvic pain and is being treated with a fentanyl patch. Because of continued intractable pain, she places three patches on at the same time. She is found dead 6 h later by her caretaker. What is the most likely explanation for her death?
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Question 55 of 166
A 42-year-old woman who recently immigrated to the United States from Africa presents with diffuse abdominal pain and an unusual rash. The erythematous linear rash spreads from her right upper quadrant to the umbilicus. Laboratory testing confirms the diagnosis of Toxocara canis infection. What is the most appropriate treatment?
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Question 56 of 166
Five patients undergo surgery for various reasons. Each patient has a particular prior medical history. Which of the following patients would be most problematic to the anesthesiologist if thiopental is used during the surgery?
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Question 57 of 166
A 26-year-old man with schizophrenia takes daily codeine for no apparent reason. He does not have issues with upper respiratory disease. Which of the following effects would be least likely to be exhibited by this patient?
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Question 58 of 166
Which of the following drugs combination can be used in the treatment of tuberculosis?
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Question 59 of 166
Choose the azole antifungal drug which is used only topically
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Question 60 of 166
A 25-year-old man with HIV disease presents to his primary care physician for management. His CD4 counts are dramatically lower than normal. He is being considered for therapy with protease inhibitors. Regarding the role of ritonavir in this patient, which of the following statements is true?
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Question 61 of 166
Iodoxuridine is indicated in
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Question 62 of 166
A drug that is very effective in the treatment of tinea versicolor is
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Question 63 of 166
Urinary antiseptics include the following EXCEPT:
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Question 64 of 166
Glycoprotein is considered a protein linked to
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Question 65 of 166
Which of the following drugs is penicillinase-resistant and given orally?
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Question 66 of 166
The drug of choice for cerebral malaria due to P. falciparum is
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Question 67 of 166
After treating intestinal amoebiasis with metronidazole, a course of diloxanide furoate is often advised to
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Question 68 of 166
Gentamicin may produce which of the following adverse effect:
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Question 69 of 166
Mechanism of Isoniazid action is:
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Question 70 of 166
Use of the following antimalarial drug carrys high risk of adverse effect in subjects with G-6-PD deficiency.
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Question 71 of 166
A 41-year-old woman with acute myelogenous leukemia is undergoing a weekly intravenous infusion of chemotherapeutic agents. Upon completion of each cycle, she develops severe nausea and vomiting. A pharmacologic agent is administered intravenously, which seems to decrease nausea in this patient. This agent might have a mechanism of action at which of the following receptors?
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Question 72 of 166
Indicate the drug which attain therapeutic antibacterial concentration in the urinary tract but not in other tissues
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Question 73 of 166
A 3-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with a history of recurrent UTIs with costovertebral angle tenderness, high fever, and dysuria. A urine culture grows gram-negative lactose-fermenting rods. The physician suspects E. coli pyelonephritis. Ciprofloxacin is highly effective against E. coli in vitro, but the physician chooses not to use it in this case. Why would she choose not to prescribe ciprofloxacin?
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Question 74 of 166
A 24-year-old man with Hodgkin’s lymphoma presents to the emergency department with chest pain for the past 2 days. An electrocardiogram shows nonspecific changes. An echocardiogram is performed that shows dilation of the left ventricle, and the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy is made. He has been receiving chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma over the last month. What medication is most likely responsible for his cardiomyopathy?
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Question 75 of 166
Which of the following drugs is suitable for treatment of malaria during pregnancy
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Question 76 of 166
A 44-year-old woman with Crohn’s disease in the ileum and right colon is currently maintained on medical therapy including sulfasalazine. Symptoms are currently at baseline with minimal abdominal pain and diarrhea. The most likely reason for improved pain may relate to which of the following compounds/substances?
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Question 77 of 166
A 27-year-old man has been hospitalized with fatigue and feeling sick for the past 4 months. After many tests and labs, an HIV test is performed and comes back positive. His HIV viral load is 36,000 and CD4 count is 369. He is started on multidrug therapy for his HIV disease. One of the drugs is raltegravir. What is the mechanism of action of raltegravir?
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Question 78 of 166
A 25-year-old man with multiple sexual partners begins to have flulike symptoms. He visits his primary care physician who recommends an HIV screening test based on his history. He is found to have an HIV infection and begins a drug regimen. Which of the following works by blocking the cleavage of the HIV polyproteins?
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Question 79 of 166
A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, rigors, and a temperature of 39°C. For the past 2 days, he has suffered from right lower quadrant pain and only came to the hospital when it suddenly worsened. The physician suspects ruptured appendicitis and administers imipenem with cilastatin. Cilastatin blocks which of the following enzymes to increase imipenem's efficacy?
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Question 80 of 166
A missionary from Chicago is sent to work in a geographic region of a Cental American country wher onchocerca volvulus is endemic. Infections due to this tissue nematode (onchocerciasis) are a major cause of 'river blindness', since microfilariae migrate through subcutaneous tissues and concentrate in the eyes. Which one of the following durgs can be used prophylactically to prevent onchocerciasis?
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Question 81 of 166
The rationale behind the lack of use of the antibiotic tetracycline in modern day medicine relates to which of the following?
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Question 82 of 166
In the previous case, this adverse effect can be avoided by:
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Question 83 of 166
Which of the the following is used in acromegaly & in carcinoid syndrome:
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Question 84 of 166
Which one of the following enzymes is not unique to parasites?
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Question 85 of 166
Emetine is now used only as a reserve drug for amoebiasis because
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Question 86 of 166
The intermittently multiplying (spurter) tubercle bacilli present within caseous material having low oxygen tension are most susceptible to
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Question 87 of 166
A 41-year-old man with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disorder and diabetes mellitus is managed with cimetidine and diet/exercise for these disorders. The fact that he takes cimetidine means that the treating physician must be attune to increased effects of which of the following drugs?
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Question 88 of 166
The anesthesiologist is preparing to anesthetize a 30-year-old patient for elective surgery and plans to use inhalational anesthetic agents. Which of the following factors will make the patient more sensitive to these agents?
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Question 89 of 166
Which of the following diarrhoeas is consistently benefited by antimicrobial therapy
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Question 90 of 166
Five patients with influenza A are being considered for treatment with either rimantadine or amantadine. Which of the following patients would be better suited to receive treatment with rimantadine?
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Question 91 of 166
A 32-year-old man with hepatitis B refractory to several treatments has begun on a course of lamivudine. The mechanism of action of this medication likely involves which of the following?
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Question 92 of 166
A 25-year-old man with multiple sexual partners begins to have flulike symptoms. He visits his doctor who recommends an HIV screening test based on his history. He is found to have an HIV infection and begins a drug regimen. Which of the following works by inhibiting fusion of the virion with T cells?
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Question 93 of 166
A 47-year-old male presented with a fungal infection 2 weeks ago and was treated appropriately with an antifungal. However, the man returns today because of noticeable enlargement of his breasts. He read on the Internet that the medication he was given can cause gynecomastia. What antifungal was he most likely given?
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Question 94 of 166
Which of the following effects is NOT induced by cytotoxic drugs?
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Question 95 of 166
A 34-year-old woman complains of fever, fatigue, weight loss, arthralgia, and transient patchy alopecia during the last 3 months. Her review of systems is notable for occasional rhinorrhea and cough that responds well to oral decongestant therapy. Her prior surgical history is notable for cesarean section and tubal ligation at age 31 years. A similar constellation of symptoms occurred 6 months ago during treatment for a cardiovascular disease. Antinuclear antibody testing was positive at her last visit 6 months ago and is still positive at the present time. Presently, her hematocrit is 36% and creatinine is 1.2 mg/dL. The most likely etiology of this constellation of symptoms and findings is related to
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Question 96 of 166
A common storage condition for most biotechnology products after reconstitution is
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Question 97 of 166
A 21-year-old woman college student complains of a skin lesion near her knee on the inside of her thigh. She recently returned from a trip to Africa where she played a handmade goatskin drum. The lesion is painless with a black center. The physician suspects cutaneous anthrax and prescribes oral ciprofloxacin. Which of the following should this patient avoid taking with ciprofloxacin?
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Question 98 of 166
Which one of the following statements about fluconazole is most accurate?
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Question 99 of 166
The most serious side effect of sulphonamides in neonates is:
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Question 100 of 166
A patient with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is receiving IV gentamycin, but the clinical response is not satisfactory. If penicillin is administered in a separate IV line to avoid physical interaction, which of the following will occur?
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Question 101 of 166
Nephrotoxic antibiotics include:
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Question 102 of 166
Which of the following chemotherapeutic agents is classified as an alkylating agent?
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Question 103 of 166
A patient on warfarin therapy developed a chest infection for which he took antibacterial therapy. He suffered from bleeding. The antimicrobial taken most probably was:
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Question 104 of 166
The following are 1st line anti-tuberculous drugs except:
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Question 105 of 166
Indicate the condition in which neither trimethoprim nor sulfamethoxazole alone are effective, but their combination cotrimoxazole is
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Question 106 of 166
The drug for nematodosis (roundworm invasion) treatment:
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Question 107 of 166
Which one of the following compounds is used topically to treat scabies and pediculosis?
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Question 108 of 166
True statement (s) concerning bromocriptine:
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Question 109 of 166
Chemoprophylaxis of malaria is recommended for the following category of subjects
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Question 110 of 166
A patient with AIDS has an extremely high viral RNA titer. While blood is being drawn from this patient, the syringe is accidentally dropped, contaminating the floor, which is made of porous material. The best way to deal with this is to
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Question 111 of 166
The drug of choice for prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis during an epidemic is
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Question 112 of 166
Isoniazide is a first line anti-tubercular agent that:
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Question 113 of 166
One of the following drugs is used in treatment of protozoal diseases:
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Question 114 of 166
A sputum culture of a 65-year-old man with pneumonia is positive for Blactamase positive staphylococci. Which of the following is the best choice for penicillin therapy in this patient?
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Question 115 of 166
Each of the following antimicrobial agents is paired with relevant adverse effect EXCEPT:
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Question 116 of 166
Which of the following antimicrobial agents is NOT taken orally?
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Question 117 of 166
Chloramphenicol is used to control the following clinical conditions EXCEPT:
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Question 118 of 166
Corticosteroids are absolutely contraindicated in which of the following types of tuberculosis
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Question 119 of 166
This agent, which is used in the chemotherapy of Hodgkin's lymphoma, is potentially leukemogenic
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Question 120 of 166
Body Surface Area (BSA) is used in calculating chemotherapy doses because
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Question 121 of 166
A 31-year-old woman with HIV disease complains of vulvar itching, burning, and vaginal discharge with rancid odor for 2 months. She presents to the ambulatory care clinic for evaluation. She has had unprotected sexual intercourse with multiple male partners during the past several weeks. The vaginal discharge is yellow-green in color, frothy, and has a pH of 7.0. Vulvovaginal examination reveals vulvar edema and erythema and petechia on the cervix. Wet smear reveals large numbers of mature epithelial cells, white blood cells, and a fusiform protozoan organism. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
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Question 122 of 166
The long-acting penicillin applied for chemoprophylaxis of rheumatic fever as a monthly injection is:
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Question 123 of 166
Which of the following drugs is a causal prophylactic for falciparum malaria and suppressive prophylactic for vivax malaria
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Question 124 of 166
Metronidazole is used for
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Question 125 of 166
A 54-year-old woman with a history of left-sided breast cancer has been in remission for 5 years following paclitaxel therapy coupled with surgical resection. She has now noticed a new lump in her left breast close to where the original tumor was excised. A biopsy reveals recurring cancer. After talking with her physician, she decided to undergo more chemotherapy. Her physician prescribes a drug, which interferes with microtubules. Which is a chemotherapy drug that disrupts the microtubule assembly?
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Question 126 of 166
The most important dose dependent toxicity of dapsone is
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Question 127 of 166
PGE produces the following effect:
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Question 128 of 166
Which of the following patients complaining of vaginal yeast infection symptoms should be referred to a physician?
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Question 129 of 166
If a patient is sensitive to penicillin, which alternative drug you give if he has acute tonsillitis?
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Question 130 of 166
One chemotherapeutic strategy used to eradicate the blood-stream form of African trypanosomes is based on the absolute dependence of the organism on
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Question 131 of 166
Pentamidine + contrimoxazole is the treatment of choice for the following disease
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Question 132 of 166
A 55-year-old woman is hospitalized for treatment of osteomyelitis. The infectious organism is found to be susceptible to gentamicin so she is started on a once-daily dose of intravenous gentamicin. Which of the following symptoms may be a signal to the physician to stop gentamicin therapy?
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Question 133 of 166
Which one of the following agents is able to suppress both B and T lymphocytes via its inhibition of de novo synthesis of purines?
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Question 134 of 166
A 24-year-old woman who is morbidly obese undergoes a surgical procedure under anesthesia. During the procedure, she is given nitrous oxide. It turns out that after the procedure is completed, the patient learns that she was 10 weeks pregnant while she has that procedure. Which of the following potential risks is possible in the fetus?
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Question 135 of 166
Which of the following is INCORRECT about cilostazol?
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Question 136 of 166
To be effective in ulcerative colitis, 5-aminosalicylic acid has to be given as
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Question 137 of 166
Best drug for use against the meningococcal carrier state is
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Question 138 of 166
Emetine is used in the treatment of
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Question 139 of 166
Terlipressin
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Question 140 of 166
All the following drugs are suitable oral therapy for a lower urinary tract infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa EXCEPT:
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Question 141 of 166
A 75-year-old man has a fever of 104°F. He develops a cough that produces blood-tinged sputum with gram-positive cocci in clusters. Which of the following penicillins is likely to fail to treat this infection adequately?
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Question 142 of 166
Ethambutol is not used in children below 6 years of age because
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Question 143 of 166
The mechanism of antibacterial action of cephalosporins involves:
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Question 144 of 166
Ovulation inducing agents do NOT include:
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Question 145 of 166
Which one of the following peptides is not a vasodilator?
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Question 146 of 166
The most effective single chemotherapeutic agent of those indicated, in the treatement of tuberculosis is
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Question 147 of 166
Precautions to reduce crystalluria during sulphonamides use is:
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Question 148 of 166
A businessman intends to travel abroad in a geographical region where several diseases are endemic. He would not be able to be vaccinated against
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Question 149 of 166
A 47-year-old man with a history of spina bifida presents to the emergency department with a fever. His temperature was 102°F orally. He has a neurogenic bladder secondary to his spina bifida. A urinalysis showed an infection, and culture grew out vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. He is started on Linezolid. What is the mechanism of resistance of bacteria to vancomycin?
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Question 150 of 166
The specific side effect of chloramphenicol in neonates is:
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Question 151 of 166
A 4-year-old boy is brought by his mother to the clinic complaining of perianal itching. He spends the weekdays at a daycare center. The mother also brings a strip of adhesive tape from the night before which she had stuck to the child’s perianal area as the doctor had ordered on the phone. Microscopic examination of the tape revealed small, white, round worms. Which is the best treatment for this child?
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Question 152 of 166
A 45-year-old man with an elevated bleeding time is scheduled to undergo an elective hernia repair in approximately 12 h. He is given vitamin K orally and the bleeding time is still elevated. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
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Question 153 of 166
How do antimetabolites exert their cytotoxic effect?
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Question 154 of 166
The fastest acting schizontocidal drug among the following is
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Question 155 of 166
Choose the correct statement about amantadine
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Question 156 of 166
The mechanism of high - level INH resistance of M tuberculosis is
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Question 157 of 166
Which of the following is a cell wall inhibitor useful against anerobes:
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Question 158 of 166
The antibiotic of choice in hepatic coma, or portal-systemic encephalopathy is:
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Question 159 of 166
The following is NOT used in hypercalcemia:
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Question 160 of 166
A 61-year-old man with osteoarthritis comes to the clinic for follow-up. His arthritis has been worsening over the past year. He has pain constantly throughout the day. He reports the only medication that was effective for him was celecoxib, which was pulled from the market. He is willing to try anything that will improve his pain at this point. What side effect is the reason for the removal of celecoxib from the market?
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Question 161 of 166
The drug, inhibiting viral reverse transcriptase:
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Question 162 of 166
A 24-year-old male soldier has just returned from a duty tour in Iraq. He complains of a 3-cm diameter nonhealing ulcer on his left forearm. He reports having an insect bite there while in Iraq. Which of the following drugs would be best for this patient?
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Question 163 of 166
Used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infection due to influenza viruses, this drug facilitates clumping of mature virions and their adhesion to infected cells.
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Question 164 of 166
All of the following antiviral drugs are anti-influenza A, EXCEPT:
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Question 165 of 166
The mechanism by which sulfasalazine exerts its primary action in ulcerative colitis is inhibition of
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Question 166 of 166
All the following antifungal drugs are antibiotics, EXCEPT:
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