Pediatric Infectious Disease

ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 1 of 91

The optimal amount of blood to collect from a pediatric patient for blood culture depend on

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 2 of 91

A 2-year-old child presented with fever, irritability, and inability to walk; on examination there is erythema, swelling, warmth, and tenderness over the lower thigh; radiographs of the left knee showed focal destruction of the distal femoral metaphysis and periosteal reaction. Of the following, the MOST common etiological pathogen of this condition is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 3 of 91

Strains of Staphylococcus aureus can produce which of the following toxins?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 4 of 91

All the following may play role in prevention of respiratory failure EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 5 of 91

A 14-year-old girl presents to endocrinology clinic complaining of amenorrhea; you find breast development of stage III SMR. Of the following, the MOST appropriate next action is to

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 6 of 91

Ganciclovir is antiviral agent used in severely symptomatic congenital CMV infection to decrease the progression of

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 7 of 91

The most common clinical manifestation of atypical cat-scratch disease is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 8 of 91

The most useful information in diagnosing the cause of fever of undetermined origin (FUO) comes from

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 9 of 91

Regarding complications of pertussis, the MOST permanent disability is a result of

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 10 of 91

Which mechanism is responsible for vertical transmission of HIV infection?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 11 of 91

Of the following, the MOST common etiology of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 12 of 91

The preferred treatment of infant botulism is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 13 of 91

In acute pharyngitis, antibiotic therapy should be started promptly in children with all the following EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 14 of 91

In infants with isoimmune thrombocytopenia or with neonatal thrombocytopenia born to a mother with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), without treatment, thrombocytopenia resolves spontaneously after birth within

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 15 of 91

The drug of choice for treatment of congenital syphilis is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 16 of 91

Rotaviruses are in the Reoviridae family and cause disease in virtually all mammals and birds. All the following statements are true EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 17 of 91

The MOST common complication of Y. enterocolitica infection in younger children is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 18 of 91

In which of the following circumstances the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever can be made without strict adherence to Jones criteria?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 19 of 91

Hospital discharge of infants with pertussis is appropriate in all the following circumstances EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 20 of 91

Which is the cell receptor for most rhinoviruses?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 21 of 91

During springtime, an infectious disease spread through a small community in the United States. The main signs and symptoms were fever, mild rash, and arthralgia. One pregnant woman in late gestation contracted the illness but recovered without difficulty. However, 1 month later she was delivered of a stillborn infant. The pathology report listed the diagnosis 'hydrops fetalis.' What is the most likely infectious disease?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 22 of 91

The physiologic anemia noted in term infants at age of

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 23 of 91

The Apgar score is a good method for assessing the need to resuscitate a newborn, all the following parameters are evaluated EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 24 of 91

The MOST common clinical manifestation of meningococcal infection is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 25 of 91

Children who have bacteremia or arthritis caused by gonococcal infections should be treated with ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg/day; maximum: 1 g/day if weighs

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 26 of 91

Which is not true of infections with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I)?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 27 of 91

A translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (BCR-ABL) plays an important role in the development of

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 28 of 91

You are in pediatric ward when you called to check a 10-month-old baby girl who was admitted for (high grade fever) and now she is not responding to voice. You find her, poorly perfused with weak pulse, rate of 50/min with no breathing efforts. Of the following, the BEST action is to

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 29 of 91

A 3-year-old child present with anorexia, malaise, low-grade fever, and maculopapular rash begins on the face and spreads to the body for 3 days. On examination there is retroauricular and posterior occipital lymphadenopathy. CBC show WBC, 4500/mmÃ‚Â³ and platelate count, 110000/mmÃ‚Â³. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 30 of 91

Almost all the following pediatric malignancies require chemotherapy EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 31 of 91

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is seen in all the following EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 32 of 91

Leukocoria is a manifestation of

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 33 of 91

If an intracranial lesion is suspected, the examination of choice is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 34 of 91

Primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is characterized by severe hypoxemia, without evidence of parenchymal lung or structural heart disease. Of the following, the congenital heart disease that is initially indistinguishable from PPHN is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 35 of 91

An oncologic emergency in neuroblastoma is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 36 of 91

Toxic shock syndrome is an acute and potentially severe illness characterized by all the following EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 37 of 91

Cholera is a dehydrating diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, of more than 200 serogroups; the serogroups that have been associated with epidemics are

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 38 of 91

Of the following, the COMMONEST cause of fatal poisoning in children is/are

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 39 of 91

A 7-month-old infant has rhinorrhea, cough, audible wheezes, and chest retractions. There is a low-grade fever and irritability. The most likely etiology is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 40 of 91

The MOST common soft tissue sarcoma in children is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 41 of 91

The BEST screening radiographic study for a patient with suspicious cervical lymphadenopathy, fever and weight loss is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 42 of 91

In chickenpox, acyclovir is considered in all the following EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 43 of 91

A 3-year- old girl with newly diagnosed paravertebral neuroblastoma, presented to the pediatric emergency department with rapid onset weakness of both lower limbs following a 3-day history of severe back pain. Of the following, the MOST possible diagnosis is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 44 of 91

All the following matching regarding maternal diseases and their effect on fetus or neonate are true EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 45 of 91

Which is not true concerning Cryptosporidium parvum infections?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 46 of 91

Oral rehydration is the mainstay of treatment for pediatric traveler's diarrhea and the drug of choice is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 47 of 91

An 8-month-old bottle fed baby boy from rural area had history of fever and frequent bowl motions for 3 days. On examination he found to have severe dehydration, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, with good volume pulse and high grade fever. Weight was on 3rd centile. Of the following, the BEST appropriate action is to

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 48 of 91

Of the following rheumatic diseases of childhood, shawl sign is seen in

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 49 of 91

Ali's mother is worried about her 10-month-old infant who is exposed to his sister with hepatitis A viral infection. Of the following, the BEST advice is to

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 50 of 91

Group B streptococcus (GBS), or Streptococcus agalactiae, is a major cause of neonatal bacterial sepsis. Of the following, the MOST common syndrome associated with childhood GBS disease beyond early infancy is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 51 of 91

Primary immunodeficiencies are compromised states that result from genetic defects affecting 1 or more arms of the immune system while secondary immunodeficiencies result from infection, malignancy, or as an adverse effect of immunomodulating or immunosuppressing medications. Which of the following represent secondary immune deficiency?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 52 of 91

Which is not a cause of an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 53 of 91

Intrauterine mumps infection have been associated with

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 54 of 91

Sudden onset, short duration seizure that appears on day 1 to 3 of life in a well appearing infant that do not recur may be the result of

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 55 of 91

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes primary, latent, and recurrent infections. All the following statements are true EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 56 of 91

A 6-year-old child with surgically repaired cyanotic CHD with prosthetic valve presented with sudden attack of unexplained fever, malaise, and weight loss; on examination there are palpable spleen, tachycardia, and a new heart murmur. Of the following, the MOST likely etiologic pathogen of this condition is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 57 of 91

The prognosis with cholera is poor if

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 58 of 91

Spontaneous pneumothorax is seen in fewer than 1% of deliveries and may be associated with malformations of the

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 59 of 91

Pregnant mother seek your advice about the stool examination of her asymptomatic 15-month-old child which contain giardia cyst, your advice should be

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 60 of 91

The MOST characteristic complication of phototherapy in infants with directreacting hyperbilirubinemia is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 61 of 91

The MOST common clinical presentation for a 2-year- old girl with neuroblastoma is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 62 of 91

Penicillins are the drugs of choice for pediatric infections caused by the following EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 63 of 91

All the following are clinical manifestations of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 64 of 91

A 6-year- old girl presented with a 3-week history of abdominal distension, fever, and periorbital puffiness. Abdominal sonogram showed multiple intestinal related masses suggestive of lymphoma. Of the following, the BEST diagnostic procedure at this time is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 65 of 91

The pathognomonic radiographic finding in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 66 of 91

Prolonged rupture of the membranes is associated with an increased risk of chorioamnionitis and preterm birth. The latent period is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 67 of 91

The mainstay of treatment for neonatal sepsis is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 68 of 91

Infectious mononucleosis is the best-known clinical syndrome caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is characterized by

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 69 of 91

A 9-month-old infant presents with history of early-onset jaundice and growth retardation; on examination there are cataracts, hepatosplenomegaly, and purpuric skin lesions; CBC revealed thrombocytopenia; echo study showed peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 70 of 91

In general, 8% of girls and 2% of boys have a UTI by 11 years of age, but approximately 75% of infants with bacteriuria are male in age group of

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 71 of 91

The rheumatic diseases of childhood are characterized by autoimmunity and inflammation, which may be localized or generalized. Of the following, the classical rheumatic disease of childhood is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 72 of 91

All the following are problems of small for gestational age infants EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 73 of 91

After diagnosis of pertussis in a toddler, erythromycin should be given to the patient and to which family members?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 74 of 91

Infants, children, and adolescents in Iraq are routinely immunized against

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 75 of 91

The minimum age for the last dose of hepatitis B vaccine is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 76 of 91

Of the following, the MOST common cause of acute encephalitis is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 77 of 91

In 2010, the biggest change that the American Heart Association revised in resuscitation for unresponsive adults, children, or an infant's is to

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 78 of 91

A 3-year-old child presented with high fever, diarrhea, and seizure; stool examination is foul smelling and positive for mucus, blood, and leukocytes. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 79 of 91

In hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, refractory seizures begin

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 80 of 91

Which is not a manifestation of enterovirus infection?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 81 of 91

Which contacts should receive erythromycin after diagnosis of pertussis in a child?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 82 of 91

Which is a risk factor for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by Sin nombre virus?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 83 of 91

A 7-year-old boy presented with earache and aural discharge mainly in left side, he recently was diving in swimming pool; on examination he is afebrile with tenderness on movement of the pinna. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 84 of 91

The ideal agent for treating fungal urinary tract infections is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 85 of 91

T. gondii is acquired by all of the following means EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 86 of 91

The leading cause of death in adolescents is

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 87 of 91

A 2-year-old girl brought to ER because of decreased level of consciousness. The family stated that, she complained from abdominal pain yesterday and grandmother gave her traditional medication. Her vitals remain normal, but she is responding to painful stimuli only and her pupils are constricted. All the following is considered as supportive therapy for a suspect case of poisoning EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 88 of 91

A boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is assigned to be of high risk group if he had got which of the following features?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 89 of 91

Hemorrhagic cystitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and diarrhea all have been linked to which of the following?

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 90 of 91

The portal of entry of measles virus is through the respiratory tract or conjunctivae following contact with large droplets or small-droplet aerosols in which the virus is suspended. Patients with measles are infectious

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ATI RN · Pediatric Infectious Disease

Question 91 of 91

The MOST common chromosomal translocation in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia is

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