Infectious Disease Pediatric

ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 1 of 90

Hematogenous dissemination of HSV to the central nervous system occur in

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 2 of 90

Which of the following features labels a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia as a low risk patient?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 3 of 90

The palmar grasp is gone by 4 months of age and present by gestational age of

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 4 of 90

Massive pulmonary embolism causes

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 5 of 90

WAGR syndrome implies the following

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 6 of 90

Rb gene analysis is useful in the workup of

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 7 of 90

A 10-year-old female with history of insidious onset of fatigue, malaise, and progressive muscle weakness, accompanied by low-grade fevers and scaly, red plaques are found across the knuckles, she is not able to sit up from a supine position, investigations revealed: elevated muscle enzymes (ALT, AST, LDH, CPK, and aldolase), EMG abnormalities: fasciculations, needle insertion irritability, and high-frequency discharges. Of the following, the MOST serious complication that can occurs in this patient is the development of

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 8 of 90

Which is not true concerning HIV infection?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 9 of 90

Gilbert disease, caused by a mutation of the promoter region of glucuronosyl transferase, is characterized by development of

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 10 of 90

Vaccines are defined as whole or parts of microorganisms administered to prevent an infectious disease. Which of the following is a live attenuated vaccine?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 11 of 90

A 7-day-old infant, a product of normal vaginal delivery, presented with history of clear, watery discharge from both eyes that became purulent; on examination there is conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis. Of the following, the recommended treatment is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 12 of 90

Febrile children with sickle cell anemia are at an increased risk for having overwhelming sepsis. Some of these children can be given intramuscular ceftriaxone and treated as outpatients. Which of the following should lead to hospitalization?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 13 of 90

A 16-month-old infant present with high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis; after 3 days a macular rash begins on the head and spreads over most of the body. On examination; cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and temperature 40Ã‚Â°C. CBC reveals WBC count 3000/mmÃ‚Â³ The severity of this illness is MOST likely related to the extent of

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 14 of 90

Production of an exopolysaccharide protective biofilm (slime) is an attribute of which organism?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 15 of 90

The MOST common complication of acute severe meningococcal septicemia is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 16 of 90

Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated for a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 17 of 90

In neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, bilirubin is produced by the catabolism of hemoglobin in the reticuloendothelial system, one gram of hemoglobin produces

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 18 of 90

Three mechanisms can produce fever: pyrogens, heat production exceeding loss, and defective heat loss. Endogenous pyrogens include

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 19 of 90

In late-onset sepsis (8 to 28 days), the LEAST common focal infection result from hematogenous seeding is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 20 of 90

Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome suggested by

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 21 of 90

Echocardiography should be performed in critically ill infants with pertussis to detect presence of

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 22 of 90

All the following are major recommended indications for IVIG EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 23 of 90

One of the following statements regarding tinidazole is TRUE

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 24 of 90

In intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus may be managed with serial daily lumbar punctures, an external ventriculostomy tube, or a permanent ventricular-peritoneal shunt. Implementation of the shunt often is delayed because of the

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 25 of 90

A 5-year- old boy presented with abdominal mass, hematuria and hypertension. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 26 of 90

All the following are tools for assessment of central nervous system perfusion EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 27 of 90

Antimotility agents have a role in therapy of acute diarrhea in infants and toddlers with gastroenteritis due to

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 28 of 90

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a complication of which of the following chemotherapeutic agents?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 29 of 90

Which is not associated with papillomaviruses?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 30 of 90

During intrauterine life, hemoglobin concentration increases from 8 to 10 g/dL at 12 weeks to 16.5 to 18 g/dL at

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 31 of 90

Regarding herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, all the following statements are true EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 32 of 90

Modified Duke clinical criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis are two major criteria or one major and three minor criteria or five minor criteria. Of the following, a major criteria is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 33 of 90

The MOST common site for Ewing sarcoma is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 34 of 90

Polycythemia is an excessively high hematocrit, which may lead to blood hyperviscosity; it is defined as central hematocrit of

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 35 of 90

A 5-year-old urban male was admitted to the hospital because of low-grade fever, flaccid paralysis of both legs, sensory changes, and absent ankle deep tendon reflexes. The child had received only two immunizations with OPV at the age of 2 and 6 months. His diagnosis is most probably

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 36 of 90

An 11-year-old adolescent girl presents with a complaint of odorless/colorless vaginal discharge. Locally you find a well estrogenized vulva and hymen without erythema or excoriation. Of the following, the MOST appropriate action is to

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 37 of 90

CNS involvement should be excluded at the time of diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 38 of 90

Steroid could be of MINIMAL help in which of the following oncologic event?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 39 of 90

Severe cold injury in an infant is manifested by all the following EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 40 of 90

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) occurs in 1 to 3 per 1000 live births but the incidence of NEC in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 41 of 90

All the following are true about varicella in unvaccinated individuals EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 42 of 90

Which organ is rarely involved by metastatic neuroblastoma?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 43 of 90

A 5th year medical student is asking you about the main difference between defibrillation and cardioversion. Of the following, the BEST answer is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 44 of 90

Manifestations of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia include all of the following EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 45 of 90

The MOST prevalent hepatitis virus infection in HIV-infected persons is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 46 of 90

Diagnosis of chancroid in infants and children is a strong evidence of sexual abuse. Chancroid is caused by

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 47 of 90

The MOSTLY involved joint in suppurative arthritis is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 48 of 90

A 2-year-old child presented with recurrent attacks of stridor and harsh cough, sudden in onset mainly at night with no fever; most of the time the stridor relieved during the trip to hospital. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 49 of 90

Which is not true of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in neonates?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 50 of 90

Patients who should receive prophylaxis for $P$. carinii pneumonia are those afflicted with

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 51 of 90

The drug that is recommended as initial therapy for nondisseminated gonococcal disease in children and adults is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 52 of 90

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) cause infection in infancy and early childhood. HHV-6B is responsible for the majority of cases of roseola infantum (exanthema subitum or sixth disease). All the following are true EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 53 of 90

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN) is prevented by administration of single dose of vitamin K (1 mg)

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 54 of 90

Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) should be administered at which ages?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 55 of 90

Diphtheria is an acute toxic infection; toxic cardiomyopathy occurs in 10-25% of patients with respiratory diphtheria and is responsible for 50-60% of deaths. Of the following, the mainstay of therapy is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 56 of 90

Colitis with minimal fecal leukocytes occur in infection with

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 57 of 90

Charcoal that is used for gastric decontamination in case of acute poisoning is effective against

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 58 of 90

Human brucellosis is caused by organisms of the genus Brucella and continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. All the following are true EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 59 of 90

Seizure in cholera is commonly due to

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 60 of 90

Completion of the Tanner stages in females should take 4 to 5 years. The peak growth spurt usually occurs during

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 61 of 90

A 5-year-old child (who had neurosurgical procedure before 1 month) presented with fever, headache, repeated vomiting, and nuchal rigidity; Kemig and Brudzinski are positive; cerebrospinal fluid findings are (leukocytes 550/ÃŽÂ¼L with PMNs predominate), protein (120 mg/dL), and glucose (44 mg/dL); serum glucose (118 mg/dL). Of the following, the MOST common organism that cause this condition is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 62 of 90

Monthly injections of palivizumab, a RSV-specific monoclonal antibody, initiated just before the onset of the RSV season confers some protection from severe RSV disease. Palivizumab is indicated for some infants under 2 years old with all the following EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 63 of 90

A 4-year-old child presents with acute onset of colicky abdominal pain, blood-stained diarrhea, and tenesmus. There is no fever. Trophozoites are seen in the stool. The family has recently returned from a trip to Mexico. Which etiology should be suspected?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 64 of 90

Of the following, the MOST common viral cause of common cold is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 65 of 90

The preferred treatment of Lyme disease in a child 13 years of age is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 66 of 90

Kawasaki disease closely resembles toxic shock syndrome clinically. However, many of the clinical features of toxic shock syndrome are usually absent or rare in Kawasaki disease like

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 67 of 90

Cephalexin is a cephalosporin active against S. aureus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus. To which generation of cephalosporins it belongs?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 68 of 90

Ebstein anomaly can be induced by teratogenic effect of

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 69 of 90

All the following are causes of very high temperatures (>41Ã‚Â°C) EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 70 of 90

All the following statements regarding ABO incompatibility are true EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 71 of 90

A 6-year- old girl presented with a 3-month history of cervical swelling, fever, and excessive sweating. In the context of suspecting Hodgkin lymphoma. Of the following, the BEST diagnostic procedure at this time is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 72 of 90

Arterial blood gas analysis (BGA) should perform in all infants with significant respiratory distress, whether or not cyanosis is perceived. All the following are true about a normal values of arterial BGA in term infants EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 73 of 90

Which of the following routes of transmission has been associated with several large outbreaks of human listeriosis?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 74 of 90

The diagnosis of UTI in infants requires the presence of both pyuria and single pathogenic organism of at least

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 75 of 90

The MOST common complication of measles is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 76 of 90

A child wearing helmet during riding bicycle is an example of which strategy in trauma prevention in childhood?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 77 of 90

The MOST important therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 78 of 90

A 7-year-old child presented with persistent mucopurulent rhinorrhea, nasal stuffiness, headache and cough, mainly at night preceded by history flue like illness; on examination there are facial swelling and tenderness. Of the following, the major predisposing factor for the development of this condition is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 79 of 90

Morning stiffness is seen in which of the following pediatric diseases?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 80 of 90

Which of the following classes of chemotherapeutics carries a particular risk for the development of future leukemia?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 81 of 90

Criteria for diagnosis of Kawasaki disease include all the following EXCEPT

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 82 of 90

Of the long-term adverse effects of brain tumor therapy, the one that carries particular significance to infants is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 83 of 90

Which describes the recommended use of HRIG for postexposure rabies prophylaxis in the United States?

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 84 of 90

Infants with congenital rubella should be isolated while in the hospital and kept away from susceptible pregnant women when sent home for about

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 85 of 90

The peak age group of HHV-6 infection is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 86 of 90

A 13-month-old previously healthy child presents on New Year's Eve with a 1-day history of fever, lethargy, and left-side focal motor seizure activity. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reveals 170 lymphocytes $/ \mathrm{mm}^3, 400$ red blood cells $/ \mathrm{mm}^3$, protein of $150 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$, and normal glucose level. MRI scan reveals right temporal abnormalities. The single most appropriate therapy to begin empirically while awaiting definitive diagnosis would be

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 87 of 90

The leading protozoal cause of diarrhea in children worldwide is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 88 of 90

A 9-month-old infant have remittent fever for the last 4 days with nasal congestion and mild cough, today he developed maculopapular rash after subsidence of the fever. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 89 of 90

Acute rheumatic carditis usually presents as cardiac murmurs and

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ATI RN · Infectious Disease Pediatric

Question 90 of 90

A mother of an 11-month-old baby girl who had ingested a tasteless alkali, initial endoscopy revealed full-thickness liquefaction necrosis of the esophagus. She underwent successful dilatation of esophageal stricture after 3 weeks from the accident. Mother is asking about any other future risk of this condition. Of the following, the MOST appropriate explanation include

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