Medical Surgical Neurology

ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 1 of 73

The corpus callosum is a:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 2 of 73

Which statement concerning the generation of an action potential is correct?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 3 of 73

The outermost layer of the meninges, providing protection and cushioning for the brain, is called the:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 4 of 73

Lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 5 of 73

The nurse is caring for a patient being treated with an intraaortic balloon pump. Which intervention is most important to include in the patientâ€™s plan of care?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 6 of 73

The first central synapse for neurons transmitting the sweet taste sensation is in which structure?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 7 of 73

Which of the following generally acts to conserve energy?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 8 of 73

A young male client has a diagnosis of epididymitis and a positive culture for Escherichia coli. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 9 of 73

A client post-hemorrhagic stroke has BP 90/50. Priority action?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 10 of 73

Light entering the eye passes through which retinal layer first?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 11 of 73

The point of connection between the ventral and dorsal roots is known as the:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 12 of 73

The stereocilia of hair cells are embedded in which membrane?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 13 of 73

What structure do retinal ganglion cells come from during development?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 14 of 73

There are ____ cranial nerves and ___ spinal nerves:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 15 of 73

The Central Nervous System is made up of the:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 16 of 73

Voluntary motor commands originate in the:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 17 of 73

The reuptake of neurotransmitters back into the presynaptic neuron is facilitated by:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 18 of 73

Which risk factors for stroke are important for community education? EXCEPT (SATA)

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 19 of 73

A bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system is a:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 20 of 73

The nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin 90 mg subcutaneously daily to a client with pulmonary embolism. The pharmacy provides a prefilled syringe labeled, â€œEnoxaparin 100 mg/1 mLâ€ How many milliliters should the nurse administer?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 21 of 73

A previously healthy 68-year-old male presents with progressive muscle weakness in his right hand, swallowing difficulty and difficulty with walking. He believes these symptoms occurred 'out of the blue' and have worsened over the last 2-3 months. His temperature is 98.6 deg F (37 deg C), blood pressure 145/86 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, and respirations are 17/min. Neurologic examination is significant for mild dysarthria. He has atrophy of the thenar muscles of the right hand and forearm, and 2/5 strength on wrist extension and flexion, as well as 3/5 power in intrinsic hand muscles on right. He has some fasciculations in his right thigh, and mild (4+/5) weakness of hip flexors bilaterally. Tone is increased in both legs. Sensory examination is intact. 3+ patellar reflexes are noted on the left lower extremity. On gait testing, the patient has poor balance, and spastic gait. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 22 of 73

Post-head injury, which ABG finding needs reporting?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 23 of 73

The fatty substance that insulates and speeds up the conduction of nerve impulses along the axon is called:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 24 of 73

The medulla oblongata regulates vital functions such as:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 25 of 73

A client on 1100 mL daily fluid restriction consumed 4 oz coffee (breakfast/lunch), 4 oz apple juice, 50 mL x4 meds, 6 oz broth, 4 oz ginger ale (7am-7pm). How many mL can they consume 7pm-7am?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 26 of 73

A patient with carotid atherosclerosis asks the nurse to describe a carotid endarterectomy.Which response by the nurse is accurate?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 27 of 73

A patient with carotid atherosclerosis asks the nurse to describe a carotid endarterectomy. Which response by the nurse is accurate?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 28 of 73

Identify the function of the thalamus:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 29 of 73

What ion is necessary to cause the release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 30 of 73

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 31 of 73

A client had a TIA leading to stroke. Whatâ€™s the purpose of carotid endarterectomy/angioplasty?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 32 of 73

The ability to detect two points simultaneously applied to the skin is based on which physiologic mechanism?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 33 of 73

A 29-year-old student with 20/20 vision looks at a beautiful scene. The axons of ganglion cells transmitting visual signals in the form of action potentials to the primary visual cortex are most likely to synapse in which structure?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 34 of 73

The defecation reflex is a parasympathetic polysynaptic reflex that leads to elimination of feces through relaxation of the internal anal sphincter. Where is(are) the synapses in this reflex arc located?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 35 of 73

Which of the following patients is at the highest risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 36 of 73

The threshold potential is the membrane potential at which:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 37 of 73

Which device or activity is associated with the highest noise level?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 38 of 73

You pick up an ice cube. Which aspect of the ice do you notice first and why?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 39 of 73

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been experiencing stroke symptoms for 60 minutes. Which action can the nurse delegate to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 40 of 73

Which stroke risk factor for a 48-yr-old male patient in the clinic is most important for the nurse to address?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 41 of 73

A client is admitted to the critical care unit with a subdural hematoma. When assessing the clientâ€™s best motor response on GCS, which movement would receive the lowest score?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 42 of 73

The network of neurons that extends through the core of the brainstem and selects information that reaches the cerebral cortex during sleep is the

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 43 of 73

Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into -------lobes,--------- of which have the same name as the bone over them.

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 44 of 73

Which of the following is characteristic of the events occurring at an excitatory synapse?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 45 of 73

Acute soft-tissue injuries (i.e. sprains, strains) provide the nurse with a variety of teaching opportunities. Which instruction should the nurse provide to a client with a soft-tissue injury?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 46 of 73

Broca's area, crucial for speech production and language expression, is typically found in the:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 47 of 73

What is the normal value for central venous pressure?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 48 of 73

White matter refers to myelinated fibers in the:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 49 of 73

A nurse is caring for a client following a thyroidectomy. The nurse should assess for which of the following findings as an indication of hypocalcemia?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 50 of 73

The largest nerve in the human body, the sciatic nerve, is an example of a:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 51 of 73

Which food items would be included in the diet plan for a patient being discharged from the hospital after recovering from a stroke? SELECT ONE THAT APPLY

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 52 of 73

What happens in a photoreceptor cell (a rod, for example) in response to a light stimulus?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 53 of 73

Which cell type(s) have action potentials in the retina of the human eye?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 54 of 73

In the spinal cord, where does decussation commonly occur for sensory information?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 55 of 73

A 39-year-old neurosurgeon picks up a scalpel, which activates numerous sensory receptors in her hand. An increase in which of the following best describes the basis for transduction of the sensory stimuli into nerve impulses?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 56 of 73

The enteric division of the autonomic nervous system consists of neurons in the digestive tract, the gallbladder, and the

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 57 of 73

The nurse plans care for a client with ICP receiving 3% NaCl. Which assessment is implemented?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 58 of 73

The nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling catheter for a male client who has diabetes and a semirigid penile implant. After placing the sterile drapes and prepping the meatus, the nurse notes that the clientâ€™s penis is erect. Which action should the nurse implement?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 59 of 73

A 2-year-old girl with fever is hyperventilating. Which of the following is most likely to occur in this girl?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 60 of 73

Which of the following statements about resting potential is true?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 61 of 73

Bipolar neurons are commonly found in the:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 62 of 73

Second ischemic stroke, symptoms 4 hr ago. What contraindicates IV alteplase? (SATA)

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 63 of 73

An 8-year-old boy presents to the Emergency Department with altered mental status and weakness. The mother reports that her son had a fever and complained of a headache two days prior to presentation, along with upper extremity weakness. Earlier in the day, his headache worsened, he had vomiting, and appeared confused. The mother states that approximately one week ago, he had a viral illness but appeared to have fully recovered. Beyond this, he is neurologically normal at baseline. While performing the physical exam, he has a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, requiring benzodiazepine administration. Vital signs show that he is afebrile with a normal blood pressure. On physical exam, the patient has mild nuchal rigidity, a right relative afferent pupillary defect, right and left-sided weakness, and a bilateral Babinski reflex. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse white matter lesions. Which of the following is most likely the diagnosis?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 64 of 73

Valium, a prescription drug used to treat depression, works by

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 65 of 73

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits known as:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 66 of 73

A 42-year-old man presents with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions on day 2 of his hospitalization for the management of acute pancreatitis. Prior to the convulsive event, the patient felt anxious, tremulous, and agitated. Medical history is significant for alcohol-use disorder, with multiple hospitalizations for alcohol intoxication and acute pancreatitis. On physical examination, the patient is diaphoretic and convulsing. There is no evidence of stigmata of liver disease. The patient does not appear malnourished. Appropriate laboratory tests are obtained. Which of the following is the best initial treatment?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 67 of 73

A 65-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by her husband due to abnormal speech. She does not appear to be aware of her deficit. She was last normal 2 hours ago. Past medical history is significant for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and hypercholesterolemia. On exam, her blood pressure is 181/94, her speech is fluent, but empty, with paraphasic errors. Comprehension and repetition is impaired. There appears to be a visual deficit in the right upper quadrant. Non-contrast head CT is shown. Which of the following is the best next step in management?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 68 of 73

The lateral ventricles are located within the cerebral hemispheres and are connected to the third ventricle by the:

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 69 of 73

How many lobes are in each cerebral hemisphere?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 70 of 73

ICP 22 mm Hg, BP 174/88 mm Hg. CPP?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 71 of 73

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 72 of 73

The nurse assesses a patient with an ETT and mechanical ventilation whose high peak pressure alarm is sounding. What is the cause of this alarm?

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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Neurology

Question 73 of 73

The opening of K+ channels produces a in hair cells because of the concentration of K+ in the endolymph and the endocochlear potential.

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