Which type of immunity is the result of contact with the antigen through infection and is the longest lasting type of immunity?
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Question 2 of 80
The researcher that postulated the existence of 'pattern recognition receptors' on innate cells was:
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Question 3 of 80
Which of the following is an important nursing intervention for HIV-positive clients?
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Question 4 of 80
An HIV-positive patient who has been started on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is seen in the clinic for follow-up. Which test will be most helpful in determining the response to therapy?
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Question 5 of 80
A patient who has a large amount of carbon dioxide in the blood also has what in the blood?
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Question 6 of 80
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects:
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Question 7 of 80
What type of cell is responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body?
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Question 8 of 80
Identify the fluid that is least possible to transmit AIDS.
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Question 9 of 80
Which of the following statements is most correct?
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Question 10 of 80
A segment of DNA that reads the same from forward and backward is called_____.
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Question 11 of 80
PNAd is expressed on
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Question 12 of 80
Many immune cells listed below are found in the absence of infection in the lamina propria of the gut with the exception of:
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Question 13 of 80
A patient’s breast tumor originates from embryonal ectoderm. It has moderate dysplasia and moderately differentiated cells. It is a small tumor with minimal lymph node involvement and no metastases. What is the best description of this tumor?
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Question 14 of 80
The patient’s wound is not healing, so the health care provider is going to send the patient home with negative pressure wound therapy or a “wound vac†device. What will the caregiver need to understand about the use of this device?
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Question 15 of 80
Which of the following is not a systemic cytokine?
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Question 16 of 80
What term describes the increased affinity of antibodies during a secondary response?
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Question 17 of 80
Which of the following statements accurately describe genetic testing (select all that apply)?
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Question 18 of 80
Polyclonal antibodies made in response to a given antigen will be:
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Question 19 of 80
What are the recommended measures to prevent the transmission of health care–associated infections (HAIs) (select all that apply)?
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Question 20 of 80
The nurse is assessing a client for signs and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following would be consistent with this disorder? (Select one that does not apply.)
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Question 21 of 80
What underpins most functions of the immune system?
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Question 22 of 80
The hypervariable regions
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Question 23 of 80
The mucociliary escalator protects
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Question 24 of 80
How do regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune homeostasis?
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Question 25 of 80
The nurse is presenting a community education program related to cancer prevention. Based on current cancer death rates, the nurse emphasizes what as the most important preventive action for both women and men?
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Question 26 of 80
The nurse is reinforcing teaching to a person being tested for HIV in a clinic. Which test should the nurse explain is done first in HIV testing?
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Question 27 of 80
What role do Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play in the immune response?
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Question 28 of 80
Which T cell type helps activate B cells?
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Question 29 of 80
What is the primary function of anaphylotoxins (e.g., C3a, C4a, C5a) in the immune system?
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Question 30 of 80
Which normal tissues manifest early, acute responses to radiation therapy?
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Question 31 of 80
Which of the following is a feature of an adaptive immune response
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Question 32 of 80
What is the central component of the complement system?
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Question 33 of 80
Which of the following characteristics do not occur in prokaryotic cells?
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Question 34 of 80
Which of the following is a safety mechanism of the complement system?
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Question 35 of 80
Which factors will assist a patient in coping positively with having cancer (select all that apply)?
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Question 36 of 80
Which T cell type is involved in directly killing infected or foreign cells?
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Question 37 of 80
What is the correct order of steps needed for 2nd generation sequencing?
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Question 38 of 80
What is the prevalence of sarcoidosis in Ireland?
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Question 39 of 80
Which immunoglobulin is the principal one found in secretions such as milk?
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Question 40 of 80
Defensins are
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Question 41 of 80
APECED is a rare autoimmune disease caused by deficiency of
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Question 42 of 80
Which complement components are primarily involved in Type III hypersensitivity?
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Question 43 of 80
Examples of disease-modifying drugs used to treat autoimmune disease include
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Question 44 of 80
What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
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Question 45 of 80
Molecules that are considered members of the 'immunoglobulin superfamily':
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Question 46 of 80
Which of the following bacteria are individuals with complement deficiencies more susceptible to?
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Question 47 of 80
Which of the following processes does not require the involvement of an antigen-specific T helper cell?
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Question 48 of 80
The major role of the complement system is to work in conjunction with
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Question 49 of 80
Viral antigenic shift
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Question 50 of 80
In reference to the flow diagram below respond to the following question. The annotation A refers to which sites
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Question 51 of 80
In the 1960s, smallpox was endemic:
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Question 52 of 80
When comparing the types of viruses that infect bacteria, plants, and vertebrate animals, what trends appear from bacterial to vertebrate viral groups?
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Question 53 of 80
Although the cause of autoimmune disorders is unknown, which factors are believed to be present in most conditions (select all that apply)?
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Question 54 of 80
A pregnant client requires immediate but temporary protection from chickenpox. Which type of immunization would be required?
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Question 55 of 80
Which of the following statements about M cells is incorrect?
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Question 56 of 80
Which patient is at risk for hypernatremia?
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Question 57 of 80
Which cytokine category is associated with tumor necrosis factors?
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Question 58 of 80
Priority Decision: Key interventions for treating soft tissue injury and resulting inflammation are remembered using the acronym RICE. What are the most important actions for the emergency department nurse to do for the patient with an ankle injury?
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Question 59 of 80
Which statement indicates that the patient needs further instruction about application of ice to a sprain?
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Question 60 of 80
To raise antibodies that interfere with the interaction of HIV with CD4+ T cells, vaccines should target which of the following HIV antigens
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Question 61 of 80
What disease is associated with autoantibodies binding to type IV collagen?
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Question 62 of 80
A monoclonal antibody called '3F8' was developed to treat neuroblastoma and was subsequently improved by:
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Question 63 of 80
Cardiac output
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Question 64 of 80
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of host immune defenses as encountered by a pathogen?
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Question 65 of 80
The nurse determines that a patient has long-term immunity against a disease. Which part of the immune system should the nurse recognize is responsible for this patient's long-term immunity?
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Question 66 of 80
What chemicals are responsible for the flavor and holes in Swiss cheese?
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Question 67 of 80
Amino acids are building blocks of
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Question 68 of 80
What is the key immune cell involved in granuloma formation?
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Question 69 of 80
Which characteristics describe Pneumocystis jiroveci infection, an opportunistic disease that can be associated with HIV?
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Question 70 of 80
What are the important functions of cell-mediated immunity (select all that apply)?
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Question 71 of 80
What is the medical term for excessive bleeding?
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Question 72 of 80
What is the diversity of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like?
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Question 73 of 80
Compared to naïve T cells, memory T cells:
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Question 74 of 80
A patient in Russell traction with a Pearson attachment for a fracture of the tibia complains of intense pain at the fracture site. The nurse assesses a temperature of 102° F and increased swelling at the fracture site. Which complication do these findings suggest?
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Question 75 of 80
A cell whose functions include ingesting foreign or invading cells is a (an):
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Question 76 of 80
Avian Influenza has not so far caused a human pandemic because
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Question 77 of 80
A cell type capable of killing virus-infected cells that provides early protection against viral infection is
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Question 78 of 80
Normal mice injected with high doses of LPS die of septic shock. Mice resistant to LPS-induced septic shock have a mutation in which receptor?
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Question 79 of 80
You are evaluating an HIV-positive patient who is receiving IV pentamidine (Pentam) as a treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Which information is most important to communicate to the physician?
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Question 80 of 80
Which of the following would help a client with allergic skin reaction reduce itching and maintain intact skin?
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