T cell receptor and B cell receptor genes both undergo:
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Question 2 of 79
A common collaborative problem related to both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia is which potential complication?
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Question 3 of 79
An 82-year-old male patient with pneumonia who is in the intensive care unit (ICU) is beginning to have decreased cognitive function. What should the nurse first suspect as a potential cause of this change?
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Question 4 of 79
What is the immunologic term to indicate the process that eliminates developing T cells whose T-cell receptors bind too strongly to self-peptide/MHC complexes?
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Question 5 of 79
Kinds of innate immunity barriers are
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Question 6 of 79
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity?
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Question 7 of 79
Many clients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) report severe,ongoing fatigue without any explanation that has lasted for at least — months.
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Question 8 of 79
A nurse attends a seminar on the immune system and learns about the different lymphocytes in the body. Where do the T lymphocytes originate from and where do they travel to?
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Question 9 of 79
Which T lymphocytes are involved in direct attack and destruction of foreign pathogens?
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Question 10 of 79
What is a key concept of the evolutionary arms race between hosts and pathogens?
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Question 11 of 79
Dendritic cells migrating from tissues enter the lymph nodes through
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Question 12 of 79
To prevent the debilitating cycle of fatigue-depression-fatigue in patients receiving radiation therapy, what should the nurse encourage the patient to do?
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Question 13 of 79
The nurse is caring for clients on the medical-surgical unit. What action by the nurse will help prevent a client from having a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
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Question 14 of 79
CD3 is a complex of proteins involved in
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Question 15 of 79
Ferrets have recently been objects of an intense debate within the scientific community in the field of Flu research because
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Question 16 of 79
An 18-year-old college student with an exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been receiving prednisone (Deltacone) 20 mg daily for 4 days. Which of these medical orders should you question?
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Question 17 of 79
Which cytokine group is most commonly associated with antiviral responses?
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Question 18 of 79
Which of the following concerning nosocomial infections is incorrect?
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Question 19 of 79
Which dietary change is most beneficial in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer?
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Question 20 of 79
What is the primary difference between healing by primary intention and healing by secondary intention?
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Question 21 of 79
Why did Barry Marshall drink a pure culture of Helicobacter pylori?
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Question 22 of 79
Anemia
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Question 23 of 79
A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has a negative tuberculosis (TB) skin test. Which nursing action is indicated next?
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Question 24 of 79
Which of the following complement components is an opsonin?
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Question 25 of 79
After engagement of its pattern recognition receptors what happens to a dendritic cell to enable its role in naïve T cell activation?
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Question 26 of 79
During exacerbations of SL, patients are often treated with:
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Question 27 of 79
The gut immune system at homeostasis is 'tolerogenic'. This is achieved by:
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Question 28 of 79
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused when the carpal tunnel compresses which location?
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Question 29 of 79
What is the consequence of granzyme entering a target cell?
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Question 30 of 79
Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?
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Question 31 of 79
What factor differentiates a malignant tumor from a benign tumor?
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Question 32 of 79
What is the primary advantage of the memory function in adaptive immunity?
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Question 33 of 79
What is a typical time frame for Type IV hypersensitivity reactions to develop?
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Question 34 of 79
If the BCR of a developing cell has no binding affinity for self-antigens in the bone marrow the B cell will be:
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Question 35 of 79
TLRs contain a cytoplasmic TIR domain also found in the receptor of
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Question 36 of 79
Which types of hypersensitivity are mediated by antibodies?
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Question 37 of 79
In immune response mechanism clonal selection is a process in which:
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Question 38 of 79
A patient with a genetic mutation of BRCA1 and a family history of breast cancer is admitted to the surgical unit where she is scheduled that day for a bilateral simple mastectomy. What is the reason for this procedure?
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Question 39 of 79
What happens to B cells after clonal selection and expansion?
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Question 40 of 79
What discovery is attributed to Elie Metchnikoff?
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Question 41 of 79
To produce better flu vaccines we want:
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Question 42 of 79
Priority Decision: What is the most important nursing intervention for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers?
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Question 43 of 79
naïve T cells can be found in
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Question 44 of 79
Which of the following statements is incorrect about celiac disease?
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Question 45 of 79
The immunoglobulin class which is the least abundant in the normal adult is
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Question 46 of 79
Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oxygen radicals to peroxides. Which groups of organisms do not have this enzyme?
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Question 47 of 79
Which of the following is not usually observed in severe Covid-19 cases?
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Question 48 of 79
What is the most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency disorders?
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Question 49 of 79
Multi-photon microscopy has proved to be an invaluable tool for the evaluation of the dynamics of immune responses in vivo. The following is a list of observations derived from intra-vital microscopy. Identify the incorrect statement.
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Question 50 of 79
Select the wrong statement concerning TLR4
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Question 51 of 79
The annotation D refers to which DNA component?
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Question 52 of 79
The nurse has administered prescribed allergen injections twice a week for several weeks to an individual with a bee sting allergy. The patient misses three appointments. What action should the nurse take on the patient's next visit?
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Question 53 of 79
What is the medical term for the formation of abnormal red blood cells?
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Question 54 of 79
What happens when immune complexes are not cleared in Type III hypersensitivity?
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Question 55 of 79
What is the normal range for the hematocrit value in a healthy adult?
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Question 56 of 79
A structural domain essential for the assembly of the inflammasome is
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Question 57 of 79
All of the following are true of antigen EXCEPT which one of the following?
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Question 58 of 79
Phagocytosis is not a characteristic of which groups?
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Question 59 of 79
What dietary advice should the nurse give to clients with HIV/AIDS?
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Question 60 of 79
A critical role of secondary lymphoid tissues is to:
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Question 61 of 79
The 'rapid' HIV antibody testing is performed on a patient at high risk for HIV infection. What should the nurse explain about this test?
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Question 62 of 79
Which of the following statements about innate immunity is TRUE?
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Question 63 of 79
What are examples of type I or IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (select all that apply)?
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Question 64 of 79
Thymocytes undergoing positive selection express:
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Question 65 of 79
What is the function of IgA?
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Question 66 of 79
What is the key characteristic of adaptive immunity compared to innate immunity?
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Question 67 of 79
A patient is experiencing an immune response that involves the T lymphocytes. For which types of immunity should the nurse plan care for this patient?
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Question 68 of 79
Rolling' of neutrophils on endothelial cells is mediated by:
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Question 69 of 79
To provide free water and intracellular fluid hydration for a patient with acute gastroenteritis who is NPO, the nurse would expect administration of which infusion?
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Question 70 of 79
The patient with osteoporosis calls the nurse in the doctor's office to report that she should have taken but has forgotten to take her weekly bisphosphonate (alendronate [Fosamax]) that was due 2 days ago. How should the nurse advise the patient?
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Question 71 of 79
The daughter of a man with Huntington's disease is having presymptomatic genetic testing done. What does a positive result mean for her?
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Question 72 of 79
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
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Question 73 of 79
The vascular instability observed in severe sepsis is caused by
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Question 74 of 79
Secondary lymphoid tissues are where:
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Question 75 of 79
Which of the following complement components mediate inflammation?
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Question 76 of 79
Why is smallpox considered a factor that greatly helped European explorers to defeat the Native populations of the Americas (e.g. Mexico)?
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Question 77 of 79
What triggers the release of mediators from mast cells during Type I hypersensitivity?
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Question 78 of 79
The site of ATP synthesis in microorganisms includes:
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Question 79 of 79
Emphysema is characterized by ______.
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