Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 1 of 92

Which of the following is NOT a source of H+ production in the body?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 2 of 92

What independent nursing intervention can be implemented to stimulate appetite?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 3 of 92

What is the most critical component of an enteral feeding formula?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 4 of 92

The most important factor affecting the pH of plasma is the concentration of

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 5 of 92

The nurse is caring for a patient who has sustained blunt trauma to the left flank area, and is evaluating the patient's urinalysis results. The nurse should become concerned when

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 6 of 92

Which is the most appropriate indication for parenteral nutrition (PN)?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 7 of 92

A 45-year-old woman with a history of celiac disease and alcoholism is admitted to the ICU. There is no evidence of significant acute or chronic blood loss. Her hematocrit is 30%, hemoglobin is 9 g/L, and mean corpuscular volume is 105 fL. Her serum methylmalonic acid concentration is within normal limits, and her serum homocysteine concentration is elevated. Serum ferritin is within normal limits. Which does this patient most likely has a deficiency of?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 8 of 92

Which of the following is NOT modified by the kidneys to regulate the pH of ECF?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 9 of 92

When baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies register increased blood pressure, this results in

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 10 of 92

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H+] because they respond the fastest.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 11 of 92

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites is at risk for which type of fluid imbalance?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 12 of 92

Which ion contributes to the serum anion gap?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 13 of 92

Which type of transcellular fluid is associated with the intestines?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 14 of 92

What is the primary buffer system in the ICF?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 15 of 92

A patient receiving loop diuretics is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 16 of 92

Which is not a cause of hypokalemia?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 17 of 92

An explorer has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water. As a result, you would expect to observe

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 18 of 92

The only way for substances to be removed from the internal pool is by excreting them from the body.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 19 of 92

A specially trained nurse has inserted a PICC line. What would be done next?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 20 of 92

Which condition can be fully compensated for with regards to pH?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 21 of 92

A patient is having a blood transfusion, but the fluid is dripping very slowly. The blood has been infusing for more than 4 hours. What should the nurse do next?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 22 of 92

A physician writes an order to force fluids. What will be the first action the nurse will take in implementing this order?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 23 of 92

How often would a nurse recommend a patient eat or drink a source of vitamin C?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 24 of 92

When the body becomes dehydrated (H O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 25 of 92

Which statement demonstrates that the patient accurately understands the nurse's teaching related to a low-sodium diet?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 26 of 92

A pH of 4 is how many times as acidic as a pH of 7?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 27 of 92

All fluid that enters or leaves the ICF must pass through the ECF.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 28 of 92

Synovial fluid is a type of transcellular fluid that surrounds the joints.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 29 of 92

Daily weights are being recorded for the patient with a urine output that has been less than the intravenous and oral intake. The weight yesterday was 97.5 kg. This morning it is 99 kg. The nurse understands that this corresponds to a(n)

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 30 of 92

Which is not true with regards to hypermagnesemia?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 31 of 92

A patient is admitted for aggressive diuretic therapy for congestive heart failure (CHF). After several doses, the patient complains of muscle cramps and weakness. What electrolyte imbalance should the nurse suspect?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 32 of 92

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 33 of 92

The patient undergoes a cardiac catheterization that requires the use of contrast dyes during the procedure. To detect signs of contrast-induced kidney injury, the nurse should

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 34 of 92

A patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash has had a tracheostomy placed to allow for continued mechanical ventilation. How should the nurse interpret the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.48, PaO 85 mm Hg, PaCO 32 mm Hg, and HCO 25 mEq/L? 2 2 3

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 35 of 92

Which of the following are NOT reasons women more likely to develop a urinary tract infection?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 36 of 92

In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine is obtained. If a reliable 24-hour urine collection is not possible,

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 37 of 92

Which is the first choice agent to give to a patient with Haemophilia A who has moderate factor deficiency and a retroperitoneal bleed?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 38 of 92

Women have more body water than men because of the effect of estrogen on adipose tissue deposition.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 39 of 92

Angiotensin II stimulates

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 40 of 92

Obligatory losses represent the amount of sodium that normally needs to be replenished in the body in order to

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 41 of 92

On average, how much of the body is composed of water?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 42 of 92

An increase in plasma potassium levels is properly called

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 43 of 92

Which of the body's buffering systems is the first to counteract changes in pH?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 44 of 92

A person who suffers from hyperventilation will exhibit signs of

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 45 of 92

Which of the following descriptions best summarizes fluid homeostasis?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 46 of 92

What term is synonymous with the fluid component of blood?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 47 of 92

If the ionic composition of the ICF and the ECF is different, why is the osmolarity of both the same?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 48 of 92

The nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic acidosis. Which assessment finding reveals that the compensatory mechanism to correct this imbalance is in effect?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 49 of 92

Calcitonin is released when Ca++ is at what level?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 50 of 92

An 81-year-old female has a long-standing diagnosis of hypocalcemia secondary to kidney disease. She will be moving into an assisted living facility shortly. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nursing staff at the facility likely observe in this patient?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 51 of 92

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a calcium level of 12.1 mg/dL. Which nursing action should the nurse include on the care plan?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 52 of 92

If the [HCO -] / [CO ] is 20/2, what is the situation?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 53 of 92

The anatomical arrangement of the kidney that allows transfer of solutes from one blood vessel to another is called the

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 54 of 92

Which of the following is a major clinical manifestation of overhydration?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 55 of 92

Identify which substances in the glomerular filtrate would indicate a problem with renal function. (Select all that apply.)

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 56 of 92

A 26-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been admitted with suspected hyponatremia after consuming copious quantities of tap water. Given this diagnosis, what clinical manifestations and lab results should the nurse anticipate the patient will exhibit?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 57 of 92

With regards to hypernatremia which is incorrect?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 58 of 92

A patient with a diagnosis of hypocalcemia is being treated with calcium gluconate. Which nursing intervention is essential while administering this medication?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 59 of 92

During acidosis, ammonia plays a key role in allowing for continued renal H+ secretion.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 60 of 92

A nurse is discussing infant care with a woman who just had a baby girl. What type of nutrition would the nurse recommend for the infant?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 61 of 92

A patient arrives in the ED very hypovolemic related to excretion of 'at least 3 gallon jugs of urine in the past 24 hours.' He describes the urine as being clear-like water. The physician suspects diabetes insipidus. The nurse should be prepared to administer which of the following medications?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 62 of 92

Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH to normal.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 63 of 92

A patient with a serum sodium level of 128 mEq/L complains of headache, nausea, and confusion. Which of the following should be a priority?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 64 of 92

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 48 h. Which action demonstrates effective nursing care?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 65 of 92

The patient is admitted with complaints of general malaise and fatigue, along with a decreased urinary output. The patient's urinalysis shows coarse, muddy brown granular casts

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 66 of 92

What is the primary anion of the ICF?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 67 of 92

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are located in close proximity to the cells in the hypothalamus that produce vasopressin.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 68 of 92

A nurse is helping a patient design a weight-loss diet. To lose 1 pound of fat (3,500 calories) per week, how many calories should be decreased each of the 7 days of the week?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 69 of 92

Which term describes the active transport process that moves sodium and potassium into or out of cells?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 70 of 92

Abnormal fat and amino acid metabolism may lead to the condition called

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 71 of 92

The most potent stimulus for vasopressin release is

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 72 of 92

Which electrolyte is vital to muscles, formation and maintenance of RBCs, carb metabolism, and DNA/RNA synthesis?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 73 of 92

The secretion of aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of sodium.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 74 of 92

Insulin is good for K+ regulation because

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 75 of 92

A patient who had a transverse colectomy for diverticulosis 18 hours ago has nasogastric suction. The patient reports anxiety and incisional pain. The patient's respiratory rate is 32 breaths/min, and the arterial blood gases (ABGs) indicate respiratory alkalosis. Which action should the nurse take first?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 76 of 92

Paraesthesia - tingling in the extremities - is a common consequence of acidosis.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 77 of 92

The primary role of ADH is to:

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 78 of 92

This type of fluid can cause ICP and 3rd spacing problems along with water intoxication.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 79 of 92

The term used to describe an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine is

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 80 of 92

Which of the following will happen when isotonic fluid is added to the ECF?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 81 of 92

Why do patients taking loop diuretics need to take supplemental potassium?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 82 of 92

Which of the following questions about fluid balance would be appropriate when conducting a health history for a patient?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 83 of 92

Why is it not accurate to refer to body fluids as 'body water'?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 84 of 92

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a temporary percutaneous dialysis catheter in

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 85 of 92

Which does not shift K+ into cells?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 86 of 92

Which electrolyte imbalance causes Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 87 of 92

The nurse is providing care for several patients who are at risk for

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 88 of 92

Chemical buffers work by removing excess H+ from the body.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 89 of 92

Based on knowledge of total body fluids, a nurse is especially watchful for a fluid volume deficit in an infant. Why would the nurse do this?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 90 of 92

What is the most important long-term regulator of blood pressure?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 91 of 92

Cell volume (and therefore cell function) in most cells is dependent upon careful regulation of

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14

Question 92 of 92

The RAS pathway begins with secretion of

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