Nutrition and Fluid Balance

ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 1 of 92

Which of these actions would NOT be triggered by a drop in arterial blood pressure?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 2 of 92

Recognizing the prevalence and incidence of dehydration among older adults, a care aide at a long-term care facility is in the habit of encouraging residents to drink even though they may not feel thirsty at the time. Which of the following facts underlies the care aide's advice?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 3 of 92

Stimuli for the activation of the RAS pathway include

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 4 of 92

Which agent below does not cause an increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 5 of 92

Which statement accurately describes buffering activities of the respiratory system?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 6 of 92

Which one of the following will NOT occur during water intoxication?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 7 of 92

A 52-year-old patient has just passed a kidney stone and has high levels of calcium in her urine. Blood tests show high levels of calcium in her blood as well. What subsequent lab results would be most likely to distinguish between primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia of malignancy?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 8 of 92

Most body water is located in

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 9 of 92

Why is buffering of urine important for preventing acidosis?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 10 of 92

A patient with chronic kidney disease is experiencing severe pruritus and signs of hypocalcemia. What intervention would address both the symptoms and underlying cause?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 11 of 92

PTH is released when Ca++ is at what level?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 12 of 92

The major source of H+ in the body fluids is the carbonic acid generated from metabolic production of CO .

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 13 of 92

Two hours before major surgery is to begin, the patient experiences 'jitters,' an elevated heart rate and blood pressure. These symptoms are the result of

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 14 of 92

The nurse understands renal function when stating

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 15 of 92

A patient presents with confusion, headache, and a serum sodium level of 130 mEq/L. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 16 of 92

The primary route for ion loss from the body is the system.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 17 of 92

Which of the following would be a sign of fluid volume deficit (dehydration)?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 18 of 92

A nurse is teaching a young mother about meal preparation for good nutrition. What is one recommendation of the MyPyramid Food Guide?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 19 of 92

A marathon runner collapses from heat exhaustion. Which fluid imbalance is likely?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 20 of 92

Symptoms of low plasma pH may include

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 21 of 92

A patient who is taking a potassium-wasting diuretic for treatment of hypertension reports generalized weakness. Which action is appropriate for the nurse to take?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 22 of 92

Na+ is the major cation of the ICF, while K+ is the major anion of the ECF.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 23 of 92

The nurse is assessing a patient with a new arteriovenous fistula, but does not hear a bruit or

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 24 of 92

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 25 of 92

A patient with renal failure who arrives for outpatient hemodialysis is unresponsive to questions and has decreased deep tendon reflexes. Family members report that the patient has been taking aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide suspension (Maalox) at home for indigestion. Which action should the nurse take first?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 26 of 92

Conditions that produce acute kidney injury by directly acting on functioning kidney tissue are classified as intrarenal. The most common intrarenal condition is

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 27 of 92

The critical care nurse knows that in critically ill patients, renal dysfunction

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 28 of 92

A patient scheduled for surgery has arranged for an autologous transfusion. What type of blood transfusion is this?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 29 of 92

Which of the following concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is FALSE?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 30 of 92

The patient is in the critical care unit and will receive dialysis this morning. The nurse will (Select all that apply.)

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 31 of 92

Which would you give to reverse streptokinase?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 32 of 92

The patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury and has been getting dialysis 3 days per week. The patient complains of general malaise and is tachypneic. An arterial blood gas shows that the patient's pH is 7.19, with a PCO2 of 30 mm Hg and a bicarbonate level of 13 mEq/L. The nurse prepares to

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 33 of 92

What does not cause impaired accuracy of the pulse oximeter?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 34 of 92

A client is brought to the emergency department with complaints of shortness of breath. Assessment reveals a full, bounding pulse, severe edema, and audible crackles in lower lung fields bilaterally. What is the client's most likely diagnosis?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 35 of 92

The nurse is caring for an elderly patient who was admitted with renal insufficiency. An expected laboratory finding for this patient may be

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 36 of 92

At what period of life do nutrient needs stabilize?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 37 of 92

What is the primary anion of the ECF?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 38 of 92

When the pH rises above 7.42, a state of exists.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 39 of 92

Which of the following leads to the lowest water loss during a day?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 40 of 92

A rise in angiotensin II levels would result in increased

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 41 of 92

A patient has metabolic (nonrespiratory) acidosis. What type of respirations would be assessed?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 42 of 92

The thirst centre is closely related to, or perhaps identical to, the cells that secrete vasopressin.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 43 of 92

If the body is in a state of negative water balance, this will have a direct and profound effect on the volume of

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 44 of 92

A patient presents with severe muscle weakness and a serum potassium of 6.8 mEq/L. What is the priority nursing intervention?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 45 of 92

A patient who has been receiving diuretic therapy is admitted to the emergency department with a serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. The nurse should alert the health care provider immediately that the patient is on which medication?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 46 of 92

In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 47 of 92

Salt conservation by the body will result in an increase in ECF volume and not hypertonicity of the ECF.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 48 of 92

Which drug is not well known to cause hyponatremia?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 49 of 92

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of H O than an isotonic solution.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 50 of 92

Other than the absorption/infusion rate, which best explains why enteral potassium administration is safer than parenteral potassium administration?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 51 of 92

The hormone that regulates water reabsorption by the kidneys

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 52 of 92

Cerebrospinal fluid is an example of which type of fluid?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 53 of 92

What is a minimally acceptable urine output for a patient weighing 75 kg?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 54 of 92

Which finding is most important for the nurse to confirm prior to hanging an intravenous (IV) bag containing potassium?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 55 of 92

When does the amount of H+ generated from CO increase?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 56 of 92

Atrial natriuretic peptide

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 57 of 92

Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with prolonged vomiting?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 58 of 92

Which of the following does NOT represent a possible output from the internal body pool?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 59 of 92

Which condition can lead to metabolic alkalosis?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 60 of 92

The kidneys secrete additional H+ and conserve HCO - to compensate for increased H+ concentration in the body fluids.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 61 of 92

Which is not true of hypomagnasemia?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 62 of 92

A rise in the pH by 0.1 causes what decrease in serum K+?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 63 of 92

Which is not a possibility in the ECG of a pt with hypokalemia?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 64 of 92

Some diuretics can have an impact on electrolytes. Which electrolyte is particularly affected by some diuretics but not others?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 65 of 92

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 66 of 92

When venous return is increased, stretch receptors in the atria of the heart are activated. This results in

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 67 of 92

The phosphate and bicarbonate buffering systems are both effective buffers in the ECF.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 68 of 92

Which of the following locations might the nurse use to assess the condition of an insertion site for a central venous access device?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 69 of 92

After selecting an appropriate fluid, which action should the nurse take to correctly flush a PRN lock?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 70 of 92

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis. The patient suddenly

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 71 of 92

Which of these statements describes chemical buffer systems?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 72 of 92

H+ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 73 of 92

Which of these situations might be a consequence of vomiting of gastric contents?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 74 of 92

Why is it not accurate to refer to body fluids as "body water"?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 75 of 92

A student is following current recommendations for assessing tube placement. A staff nurse says, Oh, just insert air and listen for a whoosh sound. How would the student respond?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 76 of 92

By what route do oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lung?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 77 of 92

The patient who has had diarrhea for the last 3 days has blood gases of pH of 7.1, HCO3- of 20 mEq/L, and PCO2 of 36 mm Hg. These laboratory values are consistent with which acid-base imbalance?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 78 of 92

Overall, input of substances found in plasma is not controlled to a large extent.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 79 of 92

The nurse uses a picture to show how ions equalize their concentration by which passive transport process?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 80 of 92

The second line of defence will be the respiratory mechanism of pH control. Which statement describes the respiratory response in this situation?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 81 of 92

A patient with hypokalemia is prescribed oral potassium supplements. What instruction should the nurse provide?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 82 of 92

If a patient is experiencing alkalaemia, they are likely experiencing alkalosis as well.

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 83 of 92

Which body fluid is the fluid within the cells, constituting about 70% of the total body water?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 84 of 92

A patient has a decreased potassium level. What high-potassium foods would the nurse teach the patient to eat?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 85 of 92

Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 86 of 92

A patient is admitted with severe burns and a serum potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. What is the most likely cause of the hyperkalemia?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 87 of 92

A person who suffers from emphysema will exhibit signs of

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 88 of 92

Most nutritionists recommend increasing fiber in the diet. In addition to other benefits, how does fiber affect cholesterol?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 89 of 92

AQP2 water pores are added to the cell membrane by and withdrawn by in a process known as

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 90 of 92

What is the importance of regulating ECF osmolarity?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 91 of 92

A nurse is establishing an ideal body weight for a 59 healthy female. Based on the rule-of-thumb method, what would be this patients ideal weight?

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ATI RN · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 92 of 92

The patient's serum creatinine level is 0.7 mg/dL. The expected BUN level should be

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