Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 1 of 93

The hormone vasopressin

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 2 of 93

Which contains the largest amount of K+?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 3 of 93

interstitial osmolarity allows urine to be concentrated.

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 4 of 93

The nurse is caring for a young patient with asthma. Which activity should the nurse encourage in order to help prevent respiratory acidosis?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 5 of 93

The nurse assessing a patient with vomiting and diarrhea observes that the urine is scant and concentrated. Which controlling factor is responsible for compensatory reabsorption of water?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 6 of 93

A patient asks a nurse if it is possible to contract a disease by donating blood. How would the nurse respond?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 7 of 93

When the pH of the extracellular fluid declines, the kidneys

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Question 8 of 93

The patient is complaining of severe flank pain when he tries to urinate. His urinalysis shows sediment and crystals along with a few bacteria. Using this information along with the clinical picture, the nurse realizes that the patient's condition is

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 9 of 93

Which of the following mechanisms maintains blood pressure when blood volume is low?

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Question 10 of 93

If the tubular filtrate becomes too acidic, what is secreted by the tubular epithelial cells to buffer the secreted H+?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 11 of 93

Proteins within the ICF are not freely exchanged with the ECF.

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 12 of 93

Which hormone primarily regulates sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 13 of 93

The count of the solution in the IV container at the beginning of the shift is 800 mL. A new 1000-mL bag was hung during the shift and has 650-mL left at the end of the shift. What amount should the nurse record as the IV fluid intake for the shift?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 14 of 93

A patients PaCO2 is abnormal on an ABG report. Which of the following illnesses would most likely be the medical diagnosis?

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Question 15 of 93

Shrinkage of hepatocytes in the liver causes them to cause which of the following?

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Question 16 of 93

The protein and phosphate buffer systems both contribute to buffering of the ICF.

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 17 of 93

A patient with chronic diarrhea is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?

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Question 18 of 93

Carbon dioxide is unintentionally increased as a cause of respiratory acidosis but is deliberately increased as a compensation for metabolic alkalosis.

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Question 19 of 93

A solution that has a similar osmolality of plasma that will cause no cell damage is called?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 20 of 93

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 21 of 93

A patient is experiencing severe diarrhea and has developed metabolic acidosis. What is the most likely cause?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 22 of 93

Which of the following is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 23 of 93

ACE converts

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Question 24 of 93

A patient who is lethargic and with deep, rapid respirations has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.32, PaO 88 mm Hg, PaCO 2 2

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 25 of 93

Decreased ECF volume causes

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 26 of 93

Which neoplasm is not characteristically associated with SIADH?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 27 of 93

The buffering abilities of the kidneys are more powerful than the respiratory system, because the kidneys can work to completely restore pH to normal.

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 28 of 93

Which of these conditions could be a cause of respiratory acidosis?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 29 of 93

A 34-year-old male client has diagnoses of liver failure, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy secondary to alcohol abuse. The client's family is questioning the care team as to why his abdomen is so large even though he is undernourished and emaciated. Which of the following statements most accurately underlies the explanation that a member of the care team would provide the family?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 30 of 93

A patient who has been hospitalized for 2 days, has a nasogastric tube to low suction and is receiving normal saline IV at 100 mL/hr. Which assessment finding would be a priority for the nurse to report to the health care provider?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 31 of 93

Which is incorrect with regards to hypocalcemia?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 32 of 93

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion concentration of the blood is

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 33 of 93

A patient with a severe infection develops rapid breathing. Blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.49 and PaCOÃ¢â€šâ€š of 30 mmHg. What is the diagnosis?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 34 of 93

Which is incorrect with regards to the fluid and its content?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 35 of 93

Which of these statements does NOT describe normal blood pH?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 36 of 93

Which is NOT a cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 37 of 93

Which does not cause a high osmolar gap, increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 38 of 93

Renin plays a role in blood pressure regulation by

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 39 of 93

What is the route of administration for TPN?

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Question 40 of 93

The first line of defence against this change in [H+] is the chemical buffer systems. Which primary buffer system will respond to this change?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 41 of 93

The nurse reminds the patient that the three body mechanisms that attempt to compensate to correct acid-base imbalances are the buffer, the respiratory system, and the _____.

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 42 of 93

Approximately what percentage of the body's calcium is stored in the bones?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 43 of 93

A 40-year-old patient complains of fatigue, weight gain, and swelling in the legs. Blood work reveals decreased albumin levels. What is the most likely underlying condition?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 44 of 93

A renal failure patient with severe hyperkalemia (K+ level 7.2 mEq/L) has just been admitted to the nursing unit. Given the severity of this situation, the nurse should be prepared to administer which intravenous infusion stat?

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Question 45 of 93

The patient is in a progressive care unit following arteriovenous fistula implantation in his left upper arm, and is due to have blood drawn with his next set of vital signs and assessment. When the nurse assesses the patient, the nurse should

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 46 of 93

What separates the ECF and ICF?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 47 of 93

Plasma makes up what percentage of extracellular fluid?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 48 of 93

Water balance can be regulated independently from solute regulation.

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Question 49 of 93

The patient has elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels with a normal BUN/creatinine ratio. These levels most likely indicate

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 50 of 93

What is the most important factor in the maintenance of ECF volume?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 51 of 93

Why is the bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffering system a very effective system for the ECF?

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Question 52 of 93

A patient with hyperparathyroidism presents with lethargy and bone pain. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 53 of 93

The patient's potassium level is 7.0 mEq/L. Besides dialysis, which of the following actually reduces plasma potassium levels and total body potassium content safely in a patient with renal dysfunction?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 54 of 93

A 70-year-old male patient is being monitored for heart rhythm disturbances following the administration of diuretics. Which laboratory result is most indicative of a potassium imbalance?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 55 of 93

Serum Na is

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Question 56 of 93

How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system promote an increase in arterial blood pressure?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 57 of 93

Salt conservation by the body will result in a hypertonic ECF.

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 58 of 93

Chvostek sign is understood by the nurse when the nurse states:

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Question 59 of 93

A 70-year-old man admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for sepsis was recently given a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. His serum sodium acutely fell from 130 mEq to 115 mEq/L during the past 3 days, and he recently seized secondarily to this problem. Which would be the most appropriate treatment option?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 60 of 93

At what percent of weight over ideal weight is a person considered obese?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 61 of 93

Why do patients with undiagnosed diabetes often present with increased frequency of urination?

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 62 of 93

The normal pH range for most body fluids is

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Question 63 of 93

When the ingestion and metabolic synthesis of a substance equals its metabolic utilization and excretion, the body is

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Question 64 of 93

You are volunteering in the medical tent of a road race on a hot, humid day. A runner who has collapsed on the road is brought in with the following symptoms: sunken eyes, a body temperature of 100F, and a complaint of dizziness while sitting to have his blood pressure taken (which subsides upon his lying down). These are signs of a fluid volume deficit. Which of the following treatments should be carried out first?

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Question 65 of 93

While the nurse is washing the face of a patient in renal failure, the patient demonstrates a spasm of the lips and face. Which laboratory value corresponds with the nurse's assessment findings?

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Question 66 of 93

The home health nurse cares for an alert and oriented older adult patient with a history of dehydration. Which instructions should the nurse give this patient related to fluid intake?

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Question 67 of 93

Complications common to patients receiving hemodialysis for acute kidney injury include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

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Question 68 of 93

H+ generated from CO at the tissue level is buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs primarily by which of the following?

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Question 69 of 93

The critical care nurse is responsible for monitoring the patient receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). In doing so, the nurse should

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 70 of 93

Which type of transeellular fluid is associated with the intestines?

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Question 71 of 93

A nurse reads a complete blood count report for a patient who has been admitted to the hospital with fluid overload from late-stage kidney disease. What abnormal result would the nurse expect to find?

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Question 72 of 93

A nurse explains the homeostatic mechanisms involved in fluid homeostasis to a student nurse. Which of the following statements accurately describe this process? Select one that doesn't apply.

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 73 of 93

Which of the following factors does NOT determine body water content?

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Question 74 of 93

Which blood type can be given to a patient who is blood group O?

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Question 75 of 93

Acute kidney injury from postrenal etiology is caused by

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Question 76 of 93

During states of acidosis and increased H+ secretion by the kidney, which mineral is retained in body fluids?

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Question 77 of 93

The nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone major abdominal surgery. The nurse notices that the patient's urine output has been less than 20 mL/hour for the past 2 hours. The patient's blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, and the pulse is 110 beats/min. Previously, the pulse was 90 beats/min with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. The nurse should

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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers

Question 78 of 93

What best defines ideal body weight (IBW)?

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Question 79 of 93

A hospitalized patient has been NPO with only intravenous fluid intake for a prolonged period. What assessments might indicate protein-calorie malnutrition?

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Question 80 of 93

What information do anthropometric measurements provide in adults?

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Question 81 of 93

The dissociation constant represents the fact that an individual acid always dissociates to the same extent.

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Question 82 of 93

The primary factor responsible for regulating H O balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

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Question 83 of 93

After the administration of a nasointestinal feeding tube, a patient complains of gas, abdominal pain, and dizziness. What do these symptoms indicate?

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Question 84 of 93

Aldosterone

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Question 85 of 93

The primary route for water loss from the body is the system.

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Question 86 of 93

Which statement related to dehydration made by a patient with hypovolemia is the best indicator to the nurse of the need for additional teaching?

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Question 87 of 93

Which of the following does NOT represent a possible source of input for the internal body pool?

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Question 88 of 93

A student is learning how to administer intravenous fluids, including accessing a vein. Although all of the following may occur, which is the most potentially harmful risk posed for the patient when accessing the vein?

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Question 89 of 93

Although the terms "water" and "fluid" are often used to refer to the same thing, they are actually different.

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Question 90 of 93

Prolonged vomiting of the stomach's contents can result in

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Question 91 of 93

Dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated. If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia, you would expect

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Question 92 of 93

The hormone that directly controls water reabsorption by the kidneys is

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Question 93 of 93

Basic phosphate is secreted by the kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ion when the tubular fluid becomes too

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