ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 1 of 94
A patient presents with confusion, muscle cramps, and a serum potassium of 2.9 mEq/L. What is the most appropriate intervention?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 2 of 94
When considering hypertonic solutions, extra assessment is needed for the condition of the
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 3 of 94
A patient who has a small cell cancer of the lung develops syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should notify the health care provider about which assessment finding?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 4 of 94
A buffer
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 5 of 94
During a period of extreme excess fluid volume, a renal dialysis patient may be administered which type of IV solution to shrink the swollen cells by pulling water out of the cell?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 6 of 94
Which [HCO -] / [CO ] ratio might exist in this condition?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 7 of 94
Which trace mineral would best be increased for a PN-dependent patient with intractable diarrhea?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 8 of 94
Which of the following will NOT activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 9 of 94
If metabolic acidosis is caused by a pulmonary disease, the respiratory system will not be capable of acting as a buffering system.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 10 of 94
Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 11 of 94
When the body uses a substance to synthesize a more complex molecule, that process is irreversible and that substance cannot be restored to its original form.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 12 of 94
Which of the following is not a symptom of hypokalemia?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 13 of 94
Interstitial fluid makes up what percentage of intracellular fluid?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 14 of 94
What health problem may occur in a person who is on a low-carbohydrate diet for a long period of time?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 15 of 94
An older adult patient receiving iso-osmolar continuous enteral nutrition develops restlessness, agitation, and weakness. Which laboratory result should the nurse report to the health care provider immediately?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 16 of 94
What state will the body be in if the ingestion and metabolic synthesis of a substance is less than its metabolic utilization and excretion?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 17 of 94
The cells of the distal nephron are interspersed among the principal cells and contribute to acid-base regulation.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 18 of 94
Which tissues in the body contain the lowest percentage of water?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 19 of 94
A nurse in a medical unit has noted that a client's potassium level is elevated at 6.1 mEq/L. The nurse has notified the physician, removed the banana from the client's lunch tray, and is performing a focused assessment. When questioned by the client for the rationale for these actions, which of the following explanations is most appropriate?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 20 of 94
Polyuria means
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 21 of 94
The most common reasons for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 22 of 94
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulates blood pressure by reducing the amount of Na+ that is reabsorbed in the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 23 of 94
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) differs from conventional intermittent hemodialysis in that
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 24 of 94
Only the H+ ions that are free in solution will contribute to the pH of that solution.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 25 of 94
The most important education to be done in teaching about hypokalemia is
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 26 of 94
A patient diagnosed with severe hypermagnesemia is exhibiting diminished reflexes and respiratory depression. Which of the following interventions should be prioritized?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 27 of 94
When the pH of body fluids begins to fall, proteins will
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 28 of 94
Which of the following is NOT a sign of hyperkalemia?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 29 of 94
A home care patient is complaining of weakness and leg cramps. Per order, the nurse draws blood and requests a potassium level. What is the rationale for this request?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 30 of 94
Which of these conditions could be a cause of metabolic acidosis?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 31 of 94
Drugs that treat hypertension by preventing Angiotensin I from becoming Angiotensin II are called
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 32 of 94
The nurse is completing a history for an older patient at risk for an acidosis
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 33 of 94
Emergency treatment of hypermagnesemia includes administration of
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 34 of 94
Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk of developing acute kidney injury? A patient who
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 35 of 94
Extracellular fluid composes the majority of all the fluid in the body.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 36 of 94
A nurse has documented that a patient has anorexia. What does this term mean?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 37 of 94
If a patient has a serum sodium of 150 mEq/L, which fluid imbalance do they have?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 38 of 94
The osmolarity in the deepest part of the loop of Henle is mOsM.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 39 of 94
What is the primary buffer system in the ECF?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 40 of 94
Osmoreceptors depolarize after they in response to plasma osmolarity.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 41 of 94
In response to a rapid increase of organic acid in the body, you would expect to observe
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 42 of 94
The patient is admitted with complaints of general malaise and fatigue, along with a decreased urinary output. The patient's urinalysis shows coarse, muddy brown granular casts and hematuria. The nurse determines that the patient has:
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 43 of 94
The nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone major abdominal surgery. The nurse notices that the patient's urine output has been less than 20 mL/hour for the past 2 hours. The patient's blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, and the pulse is 110 beats/min. Previously, the pulse was 90 beats/min with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. The nurse should
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 44 of 94
ECF volume is regulated to ensure adequate blood pressure, whereas ECF osmolarity is regulated to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 45 of 94
The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 46 of 94
The nurse is admitting an older adult patient to the acute care medical unit. Which assessment factor alerts the nurse that this patient has a risk for
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 47 of 94
The kidneys are the first line of defence against changes in acid-base balance because they are the most powerful mechanism for maintaining pH.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 48 of 94
Kidneys respond relatively to changes in blood volume.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 49 of 94
The patient with long-term obstructive pulmonary disease has a pH of 7, HCO3- of 18 mEq/L, and a PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg. These laboratory values are consistent with which acid-base imbalance?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 50 of 94
An older adult patient who is malnourished presents to the emergency department with a serum protein level of 5.2 g/dL. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 51 of 94
A patient is admitted with a serum phosphate level of 2.1 mg/dL and reports muscle weakness. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 52 of 94
Which of the following is most likely to be observed in a patient with compensated respiratory alkalosis?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 53 of 94
What percentage of the total body weight in adults is water?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 54 of 94
Acidosis causes the kidneys to excrete more H+, which reduces the amount of K+ secreted, causing K+ retention.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 55 of 94
Cross-matching of blood is ordered for a patient before major surgery. What does this process do?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 56 of 94
The nurse is caring for a patient with a potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L. The nurse should carefully monitor the patient for which potential problem?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 57 of 94
Which of the following contributes the vast majority of the extracellular fluid's osmotic activity?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 58 of 94
A nurse is conducting a health history interview for an older adult. Which of the following questions or statements would be important for nutritional assessment?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 59 of 94
A nurse is administering a potassium supplement to a patient. What will the nurse do to disguise the taste and decrease gastric irritation?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 60 of 94
A patient has been prescribed a clear liquid diet. What food or fluids will be served?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 61 of 94
A 45-year-old man (weight 90 kg) admitted to the ICU after operative management of necrotizing pancreatitis is given PN consisting of 350 g of dextrose, 130 g of amino acids, and 90 g of lipid emulsion (20%) daily. A 24-hour urine collection for determining the nitrogen balance (NB) shows a urine urea concentration of 900 mg/dL for a urine output of 2700 mL. He received 100% of his PN solution, and there was no significant change in his blood urea nitrogen (BUN) during the NB study. Which most accurately depicts his NB?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 62 of 94
A normal urine output is considered to be
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 63 of 94
A runner collapses at a marathon event in a hot, humid climate and is brought to the medical tent. Symptoms include weakness, sunken eyes, and a rapid heartbeat. What is the most immediate course of action?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 64 of 94
Which of these statements applies to transeellular fluid?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 65 of 94
Bioelectrical impedance is an appropriate method of determining body composition in patients with obesity or diabetes mellitus.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 66 of 94
A nurse monitoring the intake and output of fluids for a patient with severe diarrhea knows that normally how many mL of body fluids is lost via the gastrointestinal tract?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 67 of 94
Which statement is incorrect with regards to blood products?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 68 of 94
Haemoglobin is the main buffer for which of the following?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 69 of 94
Which laboratory test is the best indicator of a patient in need of TPN?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 70 of 94
A patient is found unconscious with a blood pH of 7.20, PaCOâ‚‚ of 50 mmHg, and HCO₃â» of 25 mEq/L. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 71 of 94
Water reabsorption by the kidneys is a result of
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 72 of 94
The nurse explains to the 85-year-old patient with a temperature that, with each degree of fever, the body loses _____% of water.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 73 of 94
Which of these does NOT describe how renal secretion of H+ is regulated?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 74 of 94
The nurse uses a diagram to demonstrate how in dehydration the water is drawn into the plasma from the cells by which process?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 75 of 94
Which of these symptoms is/are associated with acidosis?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 76 of 94
What is not a cause of hypercalcemia?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 77 of 94
Which of the following patients will have an increased metabolic rate and require nutritional interventions?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 78 of 94
To diagnose SIADH as the cause of hyponatremia which must not be present?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 79 of 94
A nurse is initiating a peripheral venous access IV infusion ordered for a patient presurgically. In what position would the nurse place the patient to perform this skill?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 80 of 94
Because there are no IV pumps available for the immediate infusion of an IV medication, the nurse must calculate the flow rate for 500 mL to run for 4 h, using a set that delivers 15 gtt/mL. Which flow rate is correct?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 81 of 94
Solution A has a pH of 5 and is 100 times as acidic as Solution B. What is the pH of solution B?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 82 of 94
Respiratory acidosis is caused by which of the following?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 83 of 94
The nurse notes a serum calcium level of 7.9 mg/dL for a patient who has chronic malnutrition. Which action should the nurse expect to take first?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 84 of 94
Granular cells secrete
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 85 of 94
A 77-year-old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of the following statements best conveys a risk that this woman faces?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 86 of 94
Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 87 of 94
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hypokalemia (low potassium levels)?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 88 of 94
Which of these statements does NOT refer to the relationship between plasma and interstitial fluid?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 89 of 94
A 100-kg patient gets hemodialysis 3 days a week. In planning the care for this patient, the nurse recommends
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 90 of 94
Normal removal of excess water in urine is known as
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 91 of 94
Which statement is incorrect?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 92 of 94
Thirst is
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 93 of 94
A nurse measures a patients 24-hour fluid intake and documents the findings. To be an accurate indicator of fluid status, what must the nurse also do with the information?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key
Question 94 of 94
What will happen if the osmolarity of ECF increases?
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