The amount of sodium reabsorbed by the kidneys depends on the baroreceptor reflex and adjustments to glomerular
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 2 of 95
The unequal distribution of positively and negatively charged solutes across the plasma membrane is known as what?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 3 of 95
The largest percentage of water is located in which "compartment"?
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Question 4 of 95
Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolarity. How do they maintain normal cell volume?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 5 of 95
Which of these is a potent urinary buffer?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 6 of 95
Noninvasive diagnostic procedures used to determine kidney function include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 7 of 95
The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old patient. Which finding is the best early indicator of dehydration in this patient?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 8 of 95
A nurse reads the laboratory report for a patient and notes that the patient has hyponatremia. What physical assessment would be made?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 9 of 95
Which is the most appropriate replacement fluid for a patient with significant nasogastric (NG) fluid drainage?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 10 of 95
Which of the following is NOT true about angiotensin II?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 11 of 95
The most common cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients is
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 12 of 95
Paracrine feedback from the in the distal tubule to the granular cells stimulates release of
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Question 13 of 95
Which of the following values is considered a normal arterial blood pH?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 14 of 95
H CO is a weaker acid than HCl because it dissociates faster. 2 3
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 15 of 95
A nurse has assessed the residual amount before beginning a nasogastric tube feeding and has found 100 mL. What will the nurse do next?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 16 of 95
Which equation is incorrect?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 17 of 95
A woman has had her left breast removed for cancer. She also had an axillary node dissection on the left during surgery. How would this affect placement of an intravenous line?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 18 of 95
The nurse is caring for a patient with acute kidney injury who is being treated with hemodialysis. The patient asks if he will need dialysis for the rest of his life. Which of the following would be the best response?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 19 of 95
Nick is post-op with edema, as a nurse what type of solution would you expect to see?
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Question 20 of 95
The ECF volume and osmolarity are regulated primarily by the kidneys.
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Question 21 of 95
The best foods for a hyperkalemic patient would be
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 22 of 95
What information can be gained from measuring the serum anionic gap?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 23 of 95
Daily weights are being recorded for the patient with a urine output that has been less than
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 24 of 95
Vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 25 of 95
The nurse assesses the patient's IV insertion site and observes that the vein is hard, the skin is red and tender, and a blood return in the IV line. After removing the IV catheter, which action should the nurse take next?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 26 of 95
In calculating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) results for women, the creatinine clearance is usually:
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 27 of 95
Output of a substance is always matched equally with its input.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 28 of 95
The two organ systems that work together to regulate most aspects of the body's water balance are
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Question 29 of 95
The respiratory system can only partially counteract any deviations in body pH.
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Question 30 of 95
The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 31 of 95
to 51mmHg compared with the previous results. Which statement by the student nurse indicates an
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 32 of 95
A patient is taking a diuretic that increases her urinary output. What would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis on which to base a teaching plan?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 33 of 95
Following a thyroidectomy, a patient reports "a tingling feeling around my mouth." Which assessment should the nurse complete first?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 34 of 95
A 40-year-old man (weight 60 kg) is admitted to the trauma ICU after a motor vehicle accident. He is noted to have a serum magnesium concentration of 1.2 mg/dL, and his family states he has a history of alcohol abuse. He is given magnesium sulfate 6 g intravenously over 4 hours by the primary service. His repeat serum magnesium concentration on the following day is 1.8 mg/dL. Which would be the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 35 of 95
If one female has a higher muscle mass than another female of the same age, the first female will also have a lower amount of water in their body.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 36 of 95
A patient who was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis has rapid, deep respirations. Which action should the nurse take?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 37 of 95
The relationship between input and output of a substance is known as what?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 38 of 95
If sodium increases in the ECF, water will move from
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 39 of 95
With regards to Calcium which statement is incorrect?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 40 of 95
Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation because CO is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 41 of 95
An elderly patient presents with confusion, muscle cramps, and a serum sodium level of 118 mEq/L. What is the most appropriate treatment plan?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 42 of 95
The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of H2O and CO2 to H2CO3 is called
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Question 43 of 95
Which of the following is NOT a chemical buffering system found within the body?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 44 of 95
Why is sodium actively reabsorbed in the nephron?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 45 of 95
A normal glomerular filtration rate is
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Question 46 of 95
In diabetes insipidus, which of the following does the body either secrete insufficient amounts or fails to respond to?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 47 of 95
Which of the drugs below are not associated with hypokalemia?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 48 of 95
When does the amount of H+ generated from CO2 increase?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 49 of 95
The nurse is caring for a patient who experiences frequent generalized
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 50 of 95
If the body has chemical buffers, why do the kidneys participate in acid-base balance?
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Question 51 of 95
A patient with a serum calcium level of 7.8 mg/dL presents with tingling around the mouth and muscle twitching. What is the likely electrolyte imbalance?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 52 of 95
A patient is being treated for dehydration. Which lab result would you expect to see in this patient?
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Question 53 of 95
The patient is admitted to the unit with the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. The patient is started on intravenous (IV) fluids and IV mannitol. What action by the nurse is best?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 54 of 95
A nurse performing a nutritional assessment determines BMI of a 5-foot 11-inch male patient who weighs 180 pounds. What would be the BMI for this patient?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 55 of 95
Excess potassium ions are eliminated from the body by the
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 56 of 95
What is seen earliest in an ECG of hyperkalemia?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 57 of 95
The patient taking furosemide (Lasix) to correct excess edema shows a weight loss of 5.5 pounds in 24 h. The nurse calculates that this weight loss is equivalent to how many liters (L) of fluid given that each kilogram of weight loss is equivalent to 1 L of fluid?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 58 of 95
Variation in percentage of body water among individuals is due primarily to differences in which one of these factors?
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Question 59 of 95
What separates the two types of extracellular fluid?
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Question 60 of 95
The most important reason for tight regulation of ECF osmolarity is to ensure that blood pressure is maintained at an appropriate level.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 61 of 95
An ECG technician is performing an ECG on a hospital patient who has developed hypokalemia secondary to diuretic use. Which of the following manifestations of the client's health problem will the technician anticipate on the ECG?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 62 of 95
The most common cause of hypermagnesemia is
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 63 of 95
What electrolyte imbalance is associated with tetany and muscle spasms?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 64 of 95
A patient with liver cirrhosis is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse observes confusion, irritability, and muscle twitching. The serum sodium level is 118 mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Question 65 of 95
A 56-year-old female hospital patient with a history of alcohol abuse is receiving intravenous (IV) phosphate replacement. Which of the following health problems will this IV therapy most likely resolve?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 66 of 95
The primary osmoreceptors are located in the
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 67 of 95
If the [HCO -] / [CO ] is 40/1, what is the situation?
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Question 68 of 95
The nurse understands calcium when stating
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 69 of 95
Activity of the body's enzymes is affected only by acidosis.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 70 of 95
Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by enzymes primarily located in the
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 71 of 95
A healthy, active 72-year-old woman asks a nurse if it is safe to take dietary supplements and, if so, what should be taken? What would the nurse tell her?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 72 of 95
Which effect would a decrease in pH have on the amount of potassium ion in the urine?
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Question 73 of 95
Although transcellular fluids perform functional roles in the body, their collective volume forms a negligible fraction of total body water.
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 74 of 95
A patient has been diagnosed with a brain tumor that cannot be removed surgically. During each office visit, the nurse will be assessing the patient for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following assessments would alert the clinic nurse that the patient may be developing this complication?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 75 of 95
A nurse is feeding a patient. Which of the following statements would help a person maintain dignity while being fed?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 76 of 95
A patient has an order to restrict fluids. What is one comfort measure nurses can implement for this patient to alleviate a common problem?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 77 of 95
Which of these situations happens when water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained?
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Question 78 of 95
What is the average adult fluid intake and loss in each 24 hours?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 79 of 95
The nurse is assessing a patient with renal failure and notes fatigue, muscle cramps, confusion, and headache. Which laboratory abnormality corresponds with these findings?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 80 of 95
During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis, breathing becomes slower and shallower.
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Question 81 of 95
While reviewing an adult patients chart, a nurse notes average daily intake of fluids as 2,000 mL/day. What will the nurse do based on this information?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 82 of 95
A patient with a serum magnesium level of 1.1 mg/dL is at risk for which complication?
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Question 83 of 95
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) functions to:
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 84 of 95
Which does not cause a metabolic alkalosis?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 85 of 95
The largest percentage of water is located in which 'compartment'?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 86 of 95
What term best describes a pH of 7.3 in the blood?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 87 of 95
Ischemia and hypoxic damage to the kidneys leading to sudden decline in renal function is known as
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 88 of 95
Which of the following patients would be the most likely candidate for the administration of total parenteral nutrition?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 89 of 95
How do the baroreceptor reflexes affect sodium balance?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 90 of 95
A patient with renal failure is on a low phosphate diet. Which food should the nurse instruct unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to remove from the patient's food tray?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 91 of 95
The patient is getting hemodialysis for the second time when he complains of a headache
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 92 of 95
Which of the following is the main cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 93 of 95
A patient is discussing weight loss with a nurse. The patient says, I will not eat for 2 weeks, then I will lose at least 10 pounds. What should the nurse tell the patient?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 94 of 95
Which is not a potential complication of a massive blood transfusion?
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ATI RN · Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance
Question 95 of 95
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a massive burn injury and possible
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